Blood Flashcards
1
Q
Stages of blood clotting
A
- Vessel spams - damage to endothelium, collagen becomes exposed
- Platelet binds to exposed collagen, platelet adhesion and aggregation
- Formation of insoluble fibrin clot, activation of instinct or extrinsic coagulation pathway
- Clot retraction
- Clot dissolution
2
Q
Describe four functions of blood
A
- Respiration: provides oxygen to tissues, removes CO2
- Transport: Nutrients to tissues, waste taken from cells to kidneys and lives, hormones to target
- Protection from infection: the immune system
- Repair of tissue damage
- Thermoregulation
3
Q
Different composition of blood
A
4
Q
Name three plasma proteins and their function
A
- Albumin: osmotic balance, pH buffering
- Globbulin: transports vitamns and proteins
- Fibrinogen: clotting
- Immunoglobulins (antibodies): defense
5
Q
What is haematopoiesis and where does it occur?
A
- Blood formation
- Occurs mainly in the bone marrow
- Red marrow in flat bones produce most blood cells
- Yellow marrow in long bones produce some white and other cells
6
Q
Describe two pathological conditions related to RBC
A
- Anaemia is caused by reduced Hb conc in the blood, most common cause is diet or blood loss
- Polycythaemia is caused by increased RBC, increased production in bone marrow, cause is due to other diseases
7
Q
Describe the role of each WBC
A
- Neutrophils - phagocytosis of bacteria
- Eosinophils - phagocytosis of antigen coated pathogen
- Basophils - release of histamines, cause allergic reactions
- Monocytes/macrophages - ingest dead cells, phagocytosis
- Lymphocytes - T and B lymphs, viral infections
8
Q
Describe three pathological condition relating to WBC
A
- Leukaemia caused by increase levels of WBC
- Uncontrollable growth of one WBC type occurs in the bone marrow
- Leukopenia - reduced levels of WBC, in on or all types of WBC, due to bone marrow failure
9
Q
Pathological conditions relating to platelets
A
