Blood Flashcards
1
Q
Granular leukocytes
A
Grainy looking nucleus. Includes neutrophils, eosinopjils, and basophils.
2
Q
Erythrocyte function
A
- Transport of respiratory gases when combined with hemoglobin
- Maintain acid base balance
3
Q
Polycythemia
A
- RBC disorder characterized by increase in RBCs
- Usually caused by cancerous bone marrow
- Signs- increased blood thickness, slow blood flow, frequent hemorrhages, hypertension, distension of blood vessels.
- Treated by blood removal or chemotherapy or radiation to suppress bone marrow
4
Q
Basophils
A
- Dark nucleus
- Are involved in inflammatory reactions and migrate to site of injury
- Contain histamine and anticoagulant heparin
5
Q
Neutrophils
A
- Segmented nucleus, like beads
- Phagocytes that ingest and destroy invaders
- High with infections, low with B12 deficiency
6
Q
Eosinophils
A
- Kidney shaped nucleus
- Attack objects that have already been coated with antibodies
- Phagocytes that will attack parasites, involved in allergic reactions
- High with infection or inflammation, low with bone marrow issues
7
Q
Monocytes
A
- Much larger than other WBCs
- Aggressive phagocytes that attack larger microorganisms and cancer cells
- Release chemicals to attract neutrophils and other monocytes
- High with autoimmune and blood disorders, low with infections or bone marrow disorders
8
Q
Lymphocytes
A
- Large nucleus with thin layer of cytoplasm
- B cells secrete antibodies
- T cells attack organisms
- NK cells- immune surveillance
- High with infections or leukemia, low with viral infections such as AIDs
- Receive signals from phagocytes
9
Q
Clotting process
A
Rough blood vessel lining causes damaged tissues to release clotting factors. Platelets become sticky and plug the injury, prothrombin is converted to thrombin and reacts with fibrin to form a clot.
10
Q
Clotting Disorders
A
- Hemophilia- genetic disease, lack of proteins to form blood clots.
- Thrombocytopenia- decrease in platelets causes bleeding
11
Q
Anemia
A
- Not enough RBCs or deficient hemoglobin
- Iron deficiency, sickle cell, hemorrhagic- caused by trauma, aplastic- chemicals destroy bone marrow
- Symptoms- fatigue, pallor, faintness, headache, high heart and respiratory rates.
12
Q
Plasma
A
Liquid part of blood containing water, dissolved food, waste, hormones and proteins.
13
Q
Serum
A
Plasma without clotting agents.
14
Q
Acidosis
A
Neutral blood (Ph should be 7.35-7.45)
15
Q
Leukocytosis
A
Total WBC numbers over 10000 mm^3 of blood.
Frequently found in bacterial infections, and sign of leukemia.
