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Medical Terminology > Blood and Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Blood and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

plasma

A

liquid portion of the blood and lymph; contains water, proteins, and cellular components

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2
Q

serum

A

liquid portion of the blood that remains after clotting

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3
Q

erythrocyte

A

red blood cell; transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

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4
Q

hemoglobin

A

the protein-iron compound in erythrocytes that transports oxygen and carbon dioxide

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5
Q

leukocyte

A

white blood cell; protects the body from harmful invading substances

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6
Q

granulocytes

A

a group of leukocytes containing granules in their cytoplasm

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7
Q

neutrophil

A

a granular leukocyte, named for the neutral stain of its granules, that fights infection by swallowing bacteria

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8
Q

polymorphonuclear (Pmn) leukocyte

A

another term for neutrophil, referring to the many segments in its nucleus

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9
Q

eosinophil

A

a granular leukocyte, named for the rose-colored stain of its granules, that increases in allergic and some infectious reactions

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10
Q

basophil

A

a granular leukocyte, named for the dark stain of its granules, that brings anticoagulant substances to inflamed tissues

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11
Q

agranulocytes

A

a group of leukocytes without granules in their nuclei

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12
Q

lymphocyte

A

an agranulocytic leukocyte that is active in the process of immunity; the three categories are T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells

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13
Q

monocyte

A

an agranulocytic leukocyte that performs phagocytosis to fight infection

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14
Q

platelets

A

thrombocytes; cell fragments in the blood that are essential for blood clotting (coagulation)

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15
Q

thymus

A

primary gland of the lymphatic system, located within the mediastinum, that helps to maintain the body’s immune response by producing T lymphocytes

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16
Q

spleen

A

organ between the stomach and diaphragm that filters out aging blood cells, removes cellular debris by performing phagocytosis, and provides an environment for lymphocytes to initiate immune responses

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17
Q

lymph

A

fluid that is circulated through the lymph vessels

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18
Q

lymph capillaries

A

microscopic vessels that draw lymph from tissues to the lymph vessels

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19
Q

lymph vessels

A

vessels that receive lymph from the lymph capillaries and circulate it to the the lymph nodes

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20
Q

lacteals

A

specialized lymph vessels in the small intestine that absorb fat into the bloodstream

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21
Q

chyle

A

white or pale yellow substance in lymph that contains fatty substances absorbed by the lacteals

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22
Q

lymph nodes

A

many small, oval structures that filter lymph from the lymph vessels; major locations include the cervical, axillary, and inguinal regions

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23
Q

lymph ducts

A

collecting channels that carry lymph from the lymph nodes to the veins

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24
Q

right lymphatic duct

A

receives lymph from the right upper part of the body

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25
Q

thoracic duct

A

receives lymph from the left side of the head, neck, chest, abdomen, left arm, and lower extremities

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26
Q

immunity

A

process of disease protection induced by exposure to an antigen

27
Q

antigen

A

a substance that, when introduced into the body, causes the formation of antibodies against it

28
Q

antibody

A

a substance produced by the body that destroys or inactivates an antigen that has entered the body

29
Q

active immunity

A

a long-lasting immunity that results from stimulating the body to produce its own antibodies; developed either naturally, in response to an infection, or artificially, in response to the administration of a vaccine

30
Q

passive immunity

A

a short-lasting immunity that results from foreign antibodies that are conveyed either naturally, through the placenta to a fetus, or artificially, by injection of a serum containing antibodies

31
Q

microcytosis

A

presence of small red blood cells

32
Q

macrocytosis

A

presence of large red blood cells

33
Q

anisocytosis

A

presence of red blood cells of unequal size

34
Q

poikilocytosis

A

presence of large, irregularly shaped red blood cells

35
Q

reticulocytosis

A

an increased number of immature erythrocytes in the blood

36
Q

erythropenia

A

an abnormally reduced number of red blood cells

37
Q

lymphocytopenia

A

an abnormally reduced number of lymphocytes

38
Q

neutropenia

A

a decreased number of neutrophils

39
Q

pancytopenia

A

an abnormally reduced number of all cellular components in the blood

40
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

an abnormally decreased number of platelets in the blood, impairing the clotting process

41
Q

hemolysis

A

breakdown of the red blood cell membrane

42
Q

immunocompromised

A

impaired immunologic defenses caused by an immunodeficiency disorder or by therapy with immunosuppressive agents

43
Q

immunosuppression

A

impaired ability to provide an immune response

44
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

enlarged (diseased) lymph nodes

45
Q

splenomegaly

A

enlargement of the spleen

46
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

A syndrome caused by the human immunodeficiency virus that renders immune cells ineffective, permitting opportunistic infections, malignancies, and neurologic diseases to develop; transmitted sexually or through contaminated blood

47
Q

anemia

A

a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells, hemoglobin, or packed red cells in the blood, resulting in the diminished ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen to the tissues

48
Q

aplastic anemia

A

a normocytic-normochronic type of anemia characterized by the failure of bone marrow to produce red blood cells

49
Q

iron deficiency anemia

A

a microcytic-hypochromic type of anemia characterized by a lack of iron that affects the production of hemoglobin and is characterized by small red blood cells containing low amounts of hemoglobin

50
Q

pernicious anemia

A

a macro-normochromic type of anemia characterized by an inadequate supply of vitamin B12, causing red blood cells to become large, varied in shape, and reduced in number

51
Q

autoimmune disease

A

any disorder characterized by abnormal function of the immune system that causes the body to produce antibodies against itself, resulting in tissue destruction or loss of function; rheumatoid athritis and lupus are examples

52
Q

erythroblastosis fetalis

A

a disorder that results from the incompatibility of a fetus with Rh-positive blood and a mother with Rh-neg. blood, causing red blood cell destruction in the fetus; a blood transfusion is necessary to save the fetus

53
Q

Rh factor

A

presence or lack of antigens on the surface of red blood cells, which causes a reaction between Rh-positive blood and Rh-neg blood

54
Q

rh positive

A

presence of antigens

55
Q

rh negative

A

absence of antigens

56
Q

hemocronmatosis

A

hereditary disorder with an excessive buildup of iron deposits in the body

57
Q

hemophilia

A

a group of hereditary bleeding disorders caused by a defect in clotting factors necessary for the coagulation of blood

58
Q

leukemia

A

chronic or acute malignant (cancerous) disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by abnormal leukocytes in the blood and bone marrow

59
Q

myelodysplasia

A

disorder within the bone marrow characterized by a proliferation of abnormal stem cells (cells that give rise to different types of blood cells); usually develops into a specific type of leukemia

60
Q

lymphoma

A

any neoplastic disorder of the lymph tissue, usually malignant, as hodgkin disease

61
Q

metastasis

A

process by which cancer cells are spread by blood or lymph circulation to a distant organ; the plural form, metastases, indicates spreading to two or more distant sites

62
Q

mononucleosis

A

condition caused by the Epstein-Barr virus and characterized by an increase in mononuclear cells in the blood along with enlarged lymph nodes, fatigue, and sore throat

63
Q

polycythemia

A

increased number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the blood

64
Q

septicemia

A

systemic disease caused by infection with microorganisms and their toxins in circulating blood

Medical Terminology (6 decks)

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