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anatomy exam 1 > blood pt 2 > Flashcards

blood pt 2 Flashcards

1
Q

how many RBCs are produced per second

during development, they:

___ in size
____ in cell number
synthesize ____
loss of ____

A

1 million

decrease
increase
hemoglobin
organelles

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2
Q

what are molecules on surface of a cell that elicit an immune response

are they unique genetically

what are they used to distinguish between

forein ____ generate an immune response

what are antigens on the surface of red blood cells that are the basis for blood typing

A

antigens

yes

self and non self

antibodies

agglutinogens

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3
Q

if you have an X blood type, then you have X _____

what type do AB people have

what type do O people have

what is the least and most common

A

antigens

both

none

least: AB
most: O

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4
Q

think about the diagram of colors coming off of the RBCs

options: galactose, fructose, N-ace.

what pattern does ___ have:

O
A
B
AB

A

all 3

all 3 + N-ace.

all 3 + galactose

both ^^

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5
Q

what are antibodies made by and what are they secreted by

what do they bind to

what is ^ called when theyre bound

A

proteins (gamma globulins), plasma cells

antigens

antigen-antibody complexes

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6
Q

what is agglutination

what is clotting/ coagulation

A

antibodies binding to antigens

clumping of red blood cells

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7
Q

what is another term for:

antigens
antibodies

A

agglutinogens

agglutinins

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8
Q

things that go on RBCs:

things that bind to RBCs when mismatched and cause agglutination:

way to remember this with -gen and -body

A

antiGENs (agglutinoGENs)

antibodies (agglutinins)

gen: yours from genesis
ANTIbody: anti foreign BODY

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9
Q

where do antibodies float around in

antibodies and antigens are ____ of each other in someone

A

plasma

opposite

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10
Q

who is the universal donor

who is the universal recipient

A

O

AB

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11
Q

what is one way to reduce the risk of transfusion mismatch

A

giving packed RBCs with a minimum of plasma

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12
Q

what its he most reactive Rh agglutinogen

what blood type is this considered

what do these vary among

A

D

+

ethnic groups

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13
Q

how does hemolytic disease of the newborn happen

A

1st: - mom with + baby who gives mom its antigen

between: anti-D antibody is present

2nd: + baby gets attacked by anti-D antibodies

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14
Q

what protects against infectious microorganisms and other pathogens

they spend a few hours in the blood stream before migrating to what tissue

A

leukocytes

connective

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15
Q

what type of nucleus do leukocytes have

what do they retain for protein synthesis

what are present in their cytoplasm ?
-they all have lysosomes called:
-granulocytes (some WBCs) have granules that contain what (2) in defense of pathogens

A

conspicuous

organelles

granules
nonspecific/azurophlic
enzymes and chemicals

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16
Q

what type of cell is a neutrophil

what % do they make up

are their granules visible in the cytoplasm

how many lobes of their nuclei have

what do they phagocytize

what do they release

A

granulocyte (WBC)

60-70

barely

3-5

bacteria

antibacterial agents

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17
Q

what type of cell is an eosinophil

what % do they make up

what shape and color are their granules

what are their nucleuses shaped like

what 2 thigns do they work against

what 3 things do they phagocytize (ac, a, ic)

what do they release and what does that destroy

A

granulocyte

2-4

large rosy orange

bilobed

parasitic infections and allergens

antibody complexes, allergens, inflammatory chemicals

enzymes, parasites

18
Q

what type of cells are basophils

what % do they make up

what shape and color are their granules

what shape is the nucleus

what 3 illnesses do numbers of these increase in

what vasodilator in them speeds up blood flow to an injured area

how do they increase the mobility of other white blood cells

A

granulocytes

less than 1

large, violet

s

chicken pox, sinusitis, diabetes

histamine

by being an anti coagulant

19
Q

what type of cells are monocytes

what % do they make up

how are they special in terms of WBCs

what shape is their nucleus

A

agranulocytes

3-8

they are the largest WBC

horseshoe

20
Q

what type of cell are lymphocytes

what % do they make up

how much cytoplasm do they have

what shape and color is their nucleus

A

agranulocytes

25-35

variable

round and dark violet

21
Q

what agranulocytes number increases in diverse infections and immune responses

what 4 functions do they have (DPCS)

A

lymphocytes

destroy
present antigens
coordinate
secrete

22
Q

what type of agranuloycyte increases in viral infection and inflammation

what 3 functions do they have (MPP)

A

monocytes

macrophages (transform into them)
phagocytize
present antigens

23
Q

prevalence of WBCs: never let monkeys eat bananas

A

neutrophils
lymhocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils

24
Q

what make myoblasts, mono blasts, and lymphoblasts

A

colony forming units

25
Q

what form neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils

A

myeloblasts

26
Q

what form monocytes

A

monoblasts

27
Q

what form all forms of lymphocytes

where do T-lymphocytes complete development in

what stores and releases granulocytes and monocytes

A

lymphoblasts

thymus

red bone marrow

28
Q

what is cancer of the hematopoietic tissue that produces a lot of leukocytes

effects: normal cell ____ disrupted, impaired ____, susceptible to ____

A

leukemia

percentages
clotting
infection

29
Q

types of leukemia:

uncontrolled granulocyte production

unctonrolled lymphocyte or monocyte production

appears suddenly, progresses rapidly, death within months

undetected for months, survival time 3 years

A

myeloid

lymphoid

acute

chronic

30
Q

what is the cessation of bleeding

what is excessive bleeding

A

hemostasis

hemorrhage

31
Q

what are the 3 stages of hemostasis (VPC)

what is important in all 3 stages

A

vascular spasm
platelet plug
coagulation

platelets

32
Q

what is it called when platelets secrete vasoconstrictors that help reduce blood loss

A

vascular spasm

33
Q

what is it called when there is platelet adhesion to the blood vessels collagen fibers

what do they release (which acts as a…?)

what attracts more platelets and makes them sticky

what promotes all of the above

A

platelet plug formation

serotonin (vasoconstrictor)

ADP

thromboxane

34
Q

what is the cascading series of enzymatic reactions via activated plasma proteins called

A

coagulation

35
Q

what is the last and most effective defense against bleeding

it converts fibrinogen into ____ fibrin threads to form the framework of the clot

A

clotting

insoluble

36
Q

what are clotting factors called
where are they present
where are they produced
uses a reaction _____

A

procoagulants

plasma

liver

cascade

37
Q

what is a ____ mechanism of clotting:

extrinsic
intrinsic

which is faster

what factor activates prothrombin

A

external like a wound

internal

extrinsic

X-factor

38
Q

reaction cascade in clotting (5):

2nd part (3):

FROM quickest to slowest

A

12
11
9
8
10

prothrombin activator
thrombin
fibrin

39
Q

what is a hereditary disease characterized by deficiencies of one clotting factor or another

A

hemophilia

40
Q

SEX LINKED ONLY
what chromosome is hemophilia on

83% cases (A) missing what factor
15% cases (B) missing what factor

A

X

8
9

41
Q

what factor is missing on autosomal hemophilia C

A

11

42
Q
A

anatomy exam 1 (6 decks)

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