Blood Vessels

Question 1

Atherosclerosis depends on

Answer 1

Both modifiable and non modifiable factors

Question 2

Mechanism of secondary hypertension

Answer 2

Single gene defecta, liddle syndrome(salt sensitive hypertension, mutation in epithelial sodium channel protein

Question 3

Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis

Answer 3

1.Endothelial injury and dysfunction
(Increase vascular permeability, leukocyte adhesion and thrombosis)
2.Accumulation of lipoproteins
3.Monocyte adhesion to endothelium. (Migration as macrophages and form foam cells)

Question 4

Remaining steps of atherosclerosis

Answer 4

4.platelet adhesion

Question 5

Pathogenesis of aneurysm

Answer 5

Intrinsic quality of vascular wall connective tissue is poor
Defective type 3 collagen which is a hallmark for Ehlers danlos syndrome

Question 6

Aortic dissections btw aortic and distal arch, what are 2 types

Answer 6

Type A, involves at the origin of subclavian artery. Type 1 and 2 debakey
Type B, involves distal to the subclavian artery. Type 3 debakey

Question 7

Which vasculitis is associated with myeloperoxidase-Anti neutroohil cytoplasmic antibodies

Answer 7

Microscopic polyangitis and churg strauss syndrome

Question 8

Gaint cell temporal arteritis

Answer 8

Granulomatous inflammation of large to small sized arteries, which affects the superficial temporal artery. It’s Tcell mediated

Question 9

Takayasu arteritis

Answer 9

Pulseless disease
Involves aortic arch
Granulomatous vasculitis of medium and large arteries
Occular disturbances, weak pulses in upper extremity

Question 10

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN)

Answer 10

Non granulomatous vasculitis
Small or medium size arteries
Involved arteries, Renal, visceral, but not pulmonary
Hepatitis B is present
Fibrinoid necrosis is seen

Question 11

Kawasaki diseass

Answer 11

Acute, febrile, self limited illness
Large to medium sized vessel arteries

Question 12

Symptoms of kawasaki disease

Answer 12

Blisters, cervical lymph nodes enlargement
Strawberry tongue
Erythema of palms and soles
Edema of hand and feet

Question 13

Thromboangitis obliterans other name

Answer 13

Burrger disease

Question 14

Buerger disease

Answer 14

Acute and chronic inflammation
Medium and small arteries
Especially tibial and radial arteries
Strong relationship with cigarette
Thrombus contains microabscess composed of neutroohils and surrounded by granulomatous inflammation

Question 15

Most common symptoms of beuger disease

Answer 15

Raynaud phenomenon
Instep foot pain induced by exercise
Superficial nodular phlebitis

Question 16

Large blood vessels vasculitis which involves aorta

Answer 16

Granulomatous disease like gaint cell arteritis, takayasu arteritis , polyarteritis nodasa

Question 17

Medium vessel vasculitis diseases

Answer 17

Amtiendothelial cell antibodies(Kawasaki disease

Question 18

Small vessels disease

Answer 18

Microscopic polyangitis
Granulomatosis with polyangitis
Churg strauss syndrome

Question 19

Granulomatosis with polyangitis features

Answer 19

Acute necrotizing granulomatosis of upper and lower respiratory tract
Focal necrotizing, often cresentic, glomerulonephritis
PR3 ANCA genes are present
Focal and segmental necrotizing glonerulonephritis

Question 20

Microscopic polyangitis

Answer 20

It is also called as hypersensitivity vasculitis or leukocytoclastic vasculitis
Occurs by single episode of antibody or immune complex deposition
MPO ANCA GENES ARE INVOLVED
MOST AFFECTED ORGANS ARE SKIN, MUCOUS MEMBRANE, LUNGS, BRAIN ETC.
ASSOCIATED WITH MANY IMMUNE DISORDER LIKE HENOCH SCHONLEIN PURURA OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE

Question 21

Pauci immune injury seen in

Answer 21

Microscopic polyangitis
It has no granulomatous inflammation
Segmental fibrinoid necrosis

Question 22

Churg strauss syndrome

Answer 22

Also called as Allergic granulomatosis and angitis
Associated with asthma, allergic rhinitis, lung infiltrates, peripheral eosinophilia, eosinophilic infiltrates
Extravascular granuloma
Focal and segmental necrotizing granulomatosis