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Anatomy Test 2 > Blood Vessels > Flashcards

Blood Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

mechanical pump that propels blood through the vessels

A

heart

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2
Q

what is primary purpose of blood vessels?

A

transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products to and from body tissues

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3
Q

T or F: blood vessels are rigid and can’t change shape

A

False, blood vessels pulsate and change shape and course in response to the body’s needs

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4
Q

blood is ____ flowing

A

continuously

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5
Q

Neurovascular bundle

A

arteries and veins that travel together and share the same name, includes the nerve

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6
Q

systemic circulation

A

circulation consisting of blood vessels that extend to and from the body tissues

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7
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

circulation consisting of the vessels that take blood to the lungs for gas exchange then return oxygenated blood to the heart

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8
Q

T or F systemic and pulmonary circuits are in dependent and don’t work with each other

A

false – continuously and in tandem with each other

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9
Q

three main classes of blood vessels

A

arteries
capillaries
veins

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10
Q

artery

A

carry blood away from heart to the body tissue, branch into smaller vessels until they feed capillaries

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11
Q

arteries become (bigger/smaller) as they leave the heart

A

smaller

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12
Q

veins become (smaller/larger) as they approach the heart

A

larger

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13
Q

carry blood to the heart from the body

A

veins

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14
Q

steps of blood flow (start at heart)

A

artery –> arteriole –> capillary –> venules –> vains

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15
Q

anastomosis

A

site where two or more blood vessels that merge to supply the same body region

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16
Q

what type of anastomoses provide alternate blood supply routes to tissues

A

arterial

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17
Q

anatomical end arteries

A

vessels who’s terminal ends branches don’t anastomose

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18
Q

what is a clinical concern with anatomical end arteries and blood clots?

A

they will block the vessel and cut off blood supply to that particular region

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19
Q

examples of locations with end arteries

A

kidney, lungs, brain, spleen

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20
Q

functional end arteries

A

anastomoses are so small that they may be considered end arteries

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21
Q

functional end arteries examples

A

coronary arteries

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22
Q

(veins/arteries) tend to form more anastomoses

A

veins

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23
Q

three tunics

A

tunica intima
tunica media
tunica media

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24
Q

tunica intima

A

innermost layer of the blood vessel wall, composed of simple squamous epithelium

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25
Q

forms the wall of blood vessels, surrounds the lumen

A

tunics

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26
Q

endothelium

A

simple squamous epithelium in the thunk intima

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27
Q

tunica media

A

middle layer of the vessel wall, composed of circularly arranged layers of smooth muscle cells under autonomic control

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28
Q

three ways the blood vessel diameter changes

A

contraction of smooth muscle cells
vasoconstriction
vasodilation

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29
Q

vasoconstriction

A

narrowing of the blood vessel lumen

30
Q

vasodilation

A

widening of the blood vessel lumen

31
Q

tunica externa

A

outermost layer of the blood vessel wall, composed of areolar connective tissue, anchors vela to other tissues (protects and supports)

32
Q

areolar connective tissue – composition

A

contains elastic and collagen fibers, and nerve fibers

33
Q

vasa vasorum

A

small blood vessels that supply the cells of the wall

34
Q

carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

A

pulmonary arteries

35
Q

three basic types of arteries

A

elastic arteries
muscular arteries
arterioles

36
Q

two changes in an artery’s diameter decreases

A

decrease in amount of elastic fibers and increase in smooth muscle

37
Q

elastic arteries

A

thick walled, near heart
conducting arteries – large diameter and large lumen
high proportion of elastic fivers throughout tunica media

38
Q

examples of elastic arteries

A

aorta, pulmonary arteries, brachiocephalic trunk, common carotid and iliac

basically, big arteries going down limbs

39
Q

properties of elastic artery

A

dampen BP changes addicted with heart contraction

passive accommodation results in smooth flow of blood

40
Q

muscular arteries

A

distributing arteries, distal to elastic
thick tunica media, more smooth muscle
elastic fibers restricted to internal and external elastic lamina

41
Q

arterioles

A

smallest arteries
less than 6 layers of smooth muscle in tunica media
loss of layers with decreasing size

42
Q

autonomic control of arterioles

A

vasoconstriction decreases blood flow and increases pressure

vasodilation increases blood flow to capillaries

43
Q

common arterial disorders (4)

A

arteriosclerosis, atherosclerosis, hypertension, aneurysms

44
Q

two infarctions discussed in class

A

cardiac and cerebral

45
Q

artherosclerosis

A

slow, complex disease in which fatty deposits build up in inner lining of an artery, causing it to narrow and restrict blood flow

46
Q

response to injury hypothesis

A
  1. repeated injury (infection, trauma) causes hypertension to endothelium
  2. inflammatory response
  3. development of atheroma (plaque)
47
Q

risk factors to atherosclerosis

A

genetics, hypercholesterolemia, sex (male), age, smoking, hypertension

48
Q

treatment for atherosclerosis

A

angioplasty, surgery

49
Q

aneurysm

A

ballooning of the vessel

50
Q

capillaries

A

smallest blood vessels, connect arterioles to venues
slightly larger in diameter to red blood cells
allow rapid gas and nutrient exchange

51
Q

what type of tunica is in capillaries?

A

tunica intima– basement membrane and endothelium only

52
Q

three basic types of capillaries

A

continuous capillaries
fenestrated capillaries
sinusoids capillaries

53
Q

location of continuous capillaries

A

muscle
skin
lungs
CNS

54
Q

locations of fenestrated capillaries

A

GI tract, kidney, endocrine glands

55
Q

locations of sinusoid capillaries

A

suprerenal glands
spleen
liver
anterior pituitary

56
Q

veins

A

drain capillaries and return blood to the heart
thin walls and large lumen
blood reservoirs

57
Q

systemic veins

A

carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart

58
Q

pulmonary veins

A

carry oxygenated blood to the left atrium of the heart

59
Q

T or F: the body’s blood is unequally split. The veins have more

A

true, veins have 60%

60
Q

function of valves in the vein

A

prevent blood from pooling in the limbs, provide a one way pathway to prevent back flow of blood

61
Q

skeletal muscle pump

A

works on veins moving between skeletal muscle groups, squeezed to help pump blood to the heart

62
Q

varicose veins

A

dilated tortuous veins with non functional valves causing blood to pool
common in lower limb

63
Q

increased factors for varicose veins

A

genetics, aging, stress (standing, pregnancy, obesity)

64
Q

sclerotherapy

A

irritant injected into smaller veins to cause scarring and closure
treatment for varicose veins

65
Q

vein ablation

A

minimally invasive technique that destroys varicose leg veins. The treatment sends bursts of radio frequency or laser energy through a catheter; the resulting heat intentionally destroys vein wall tissues along the length of the vein

66
Q

deep vein thrombosis

A

blood clot in the calf or thigh region, caused by pregnancy or extended periods of inactivity, treated with anticoagulant

67
Q

what heart stages do systolic and diastolic blood pressures measure?

A

Systolic- ventricular contraction (120)

Diastolic- ventricular relaxation (70)

68
Q

blood pressure

A

force unit area in mmHg applied to walls of blood vessels

69
Q

hypertension

A

chronically elevated BP, damage of blood vessel –> thickening of wall –> decrease lumen

70
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from right side of heart to the lungs and then returning the newly oxygenated blood to the left side of the heart

71
Q

pulmonary trunk

A

pumps blood out of right ventricle and bifurcates into a left and right pulmonary artery that goes to the lungs

Anatomy Test 2 (1 decks)

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