BLS

Question 1

What do you do in an out of hospital scenario when an adult has collapsed

Answer 1

D: check for danger
R: check for response (pinching shoulders/ knuckle on sternum)
S: shout for help (instruct people to find defibrillator; another to call 999 ‘there is an unresponsive adult, we need an ambulance’)

A: check for airway obstruction (head tilt & chin lift)
B: check for breathing (HTCL and feel breath on cheek/ observe if chest rises)
C: circulation/ check carotid pulse (can do simultaneously with B)

CPR: 30 compressions then 2 breaths then repeat; rate: 100 per minute

Make sure no one touches patient when delivering shock

If regained consciousness put in recovery position

Question 2

What to do in out of hospital scenario when a child has collapsed

Answer 2

DRS AB CPR
A: if baby don’t HTCL
B: assess for 10 sec
Five breaths then CPR
CPR with two fingers or both thumbs for babies; every fifteen breaths give two full breaths; rate: 100-120 per min

Question 3

What to do if someone is choking

Answer 3

Cough reflex: tell them to cough (strongest reflex)
Lean them forward
One arm securing shoulder
Other arm doing back stabs (anterior+superior motion)
5 stabs then abdominal thrusts
Surround with two arms; one hand make fist sideways facing abdomen; the other hand enveloping fist
Do upwards and inwards motion in area between xiphisternum and umbilicus
5 thrusts then repeat stabs
If they become unconscious do DRS ABC CPR

Question 4

What if alone when choking

Answer 4

If alone then find a chair or something with an edge and free fall with abdomen hitting the edge

Question 5

What if a baby/child is choking

Answer 5

If they can stand; get down to their level by kneeling or place them on a countertop so they face forwards
If they can’t stand; hold them so they face downwards and forwards; do stabs
Then rotate them and press with two fingers on lower sternum

Question 6

What to do if someone collapses in hospital

Answer 6

DRS ABC CPR
S: 2222 ‘we need a patient trolley’
Instead of blowing in their mouth for ventilation use valve bag
Two-person technique:
With the two indices form C-shape and seal off mask; place mask above mentum/chin; tilt head further back; other person squeezes bag (not all the way)
If pregnant put something underneath right side to relieve pressure from IVC

Question 7

What is the recovery position

Answer 7

For adults:

Arm closest to you in right angle
Other hand put above cheek
Leg closest to you in straight position
Other leg lift from knee and pull towards you (while holding other hand on cheek)

For babies:
Hold horizontally; their face facing downward and sideways