Body Systems Exam 1

Question 1

What is the largest main artery of the circulatory system

Answer 1

The aorta

Question 2

Four chambers of the heart

Answer 2

Left and right ventricles, and the left and right atriums

Question 3

What are all the parts of the heart

Answer 3

Aorta, superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, right and left atrium, atrioventricular valves, left and right ventricles, semi lunar valves, septum

Question 4

What separates the left and right side of the heart

Answer 4

Septum

Question 5

What is the circulatory system

Answer 5

Nutrients and oxygen get carried to the cells and wastes are carried away

Question 6

Arteries

Answer 6

Cary blood away from heart. Have thick muscular walls

Question 7

Capillaries

Answer 7

Connect arteries to veins. Small diameter. Thin/narrow walls. Exchange, nutrients, waste, and oxygen within cells.

Question 8

Veins

Answer 8

Carry blood TO the heart. Less muscle but a wider diameter. Have valves to prevent backflow

Question 9

Parts of the blood

Answer 9

Red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Question 10

Red blood cells

Answer 10

Have haemoglobin to carry 02. Are shaped like discs that curve in and are small. They can either travel alone or in stacks that look like coins.

Question 11

White blood cells

Answer 11

They do not have hemoglobin. They travel by themselves and are bigger than red blood cells. Their job is to fight off diseases by increasing when you get an infection. They eat and destroy bacteria.

Question 12

Platelets

Answer 12

Smaller than red blood cells. Irregularly shaped, colorless, and are formed in bone marrow. They form blood clots. Stops the flow of cuts.

Question 13

Plasma

Answer 13

Is mostly water. It dissolves nutrients/waste. Moves out of vessels in between cells.

Question 14

Lymph

Answer 14

Similar to plasma. It is the tissue fluid that bathes your cells. Transports oxygen, nutrients through cells

Question 15

What is the digestive system

Answer 15

Breaks down food into smaller pieces to be absorbed

Question 16

3 classes of food

Answer 16

Carbohydrates- mouth
Protein- stomach
Fats- small intestine

Question 17

Parts of the digestive system

Answer 17

Teeth, tongue, esophagus, salivary glands, liver, bile duct, gall bladder, cardiac sphincter, pyloric sphincter, pancreas, stomach, small and large intestines, appendix, rectum, anus

Question 18

What do the small intestines and large intestines do?

Answer 18

In the Small intestines villi finishes digestion and absorbs nutrients. The large intestines absorb water

Question 19

Where is bile made and stored

Answer 19

Made in the liver stored in the gall bladder

Question 20

What is bile

Answer 20

Bile is a brownish green fluid. It helps with digestion by breaking down fats into fatty acids

Question 21

Anemia

Answer 21

A disease caused by the lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin. Red blood cells dont provide enough oxygen to tissues. Can be treated by medications, vitamins or a blood transfusion

Question 22

Emphysema

Answer 22

Cause by smoke, dust particles making it hard to breathe. Alveoli are damaged and scar tissue builds up. Less surface area for the exchange of O2 and CO2. Treat with pure O2

Question 23

Cirrhosis

Answer 23

Cause by alcohol or excess fat. Called fatty liver disease. Symptoms are jaundice, fatigue, weakness. Scar tissue replaces liver cells. To treat get medication or stop drinking

Question 24

Respiratory system

Answer 24

The exchange of O2 and CO2. Breathing

Question 25

How to breathe

Answer 25

When you inhale your diaphragm moves down and your ribs shift outward which increases the volume of your chest so there is less pressure to allow air to move in

Question 26

What are the parts of the respiratory system

Answer 26

Nasal passage, mouth, trachea, pharynx, larynx, epiglottis, ring of cartilage, rib bone, intercastal muscle, lungs, bronchi, bronchiole, alveoli, diaphragm

Question 27

What is the job of the alveoli

Answer 27

Exchange O2 and CO2

Question 28

What is excretion

Answer 28

The process of removing metabolic wastes from the body. Passing through a membrane

Question 29

Kidneys function

Answer 29

To eliminate nitrogenous wastes, excrete excess water, regulate chemical composition of blood.

Question 30

Nephrons

Answer 30

Part in the kidneys that creates urine and expels waste out of your body

Question 31

Waste removal occurs in two ways. What are they and what happens

Answer 31

Filtration- blood vessels force water, salts, urea, minerals and nutrients to a collecting tubule.

Reabsorption- the body needs to retain substances lost during filtration. Then urea and excess materials are left and are moved to be stored until they are removed from the body