Bonding

Question 1

When two or more elements combine to form a molecule or compound, we say that a —, or multiple —, have formed

Answer 1

bond;bonds

Question 2

The three types of bonds

Answer 2

Ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Question 3

An ionic bond
A compound composed of —- (positive charge) and — (negative charge

Answer 3

metals or cations; nonmetals or anions

Question 4

Where do the charges on a ionic bond come from

Answer 4

oxidation numbers
1A: +1
2A: +2
3A: +3
4A: +/- 4
5A: -3
6A: -2
7A: -1
8A: 0 (Noble gases)

Question 5

what are these oxidation numbers normally composed of

Answer 5

elements from group 1A and 2A combined with elements from 6A and 7A

Question 6

Ionic bonds are electrically neutral:
No —
— and — charges attract each other through electrostatic forces
The electrostatic forces that hold ions together in ionic compounds are called —–

Answer 6

charge
positive and negative
ionic bonds

Question 7

Example:
Sodium Chloride

Answer 7

Na- 1 valence electron
Cl- 7 valence electrons
only need one of each ion for the bond, draw with arrows

Question 8

Example:
Potassium sulfide

Answer 8

K- 1 valence electron
S- 6 valence electrons
Therefore, in order to make the bond work, you need two potassium ions and one sulfur ion

Question 9

A chemical formula, for ionic compounds, shows the amount of — contained in a compound in its smallest form
Examples of these

Answer 9

atoms
NaCl, and K2S

Question 10

1) Most ionic compounds are — at room temperature
2) arranged in —
3) Attracted — to each of its neighbors and have very — structures
4) Have — melting points and conduct —- well when dissolved in water

Answer 10

solids
patterns
strongly, stable
high, electricity

Question 11

Covalent bonds
1) atoms that are held together by sharing electrons “— —”
2) Form —-, most commonly are —- (two molecules)
3) A compound composed of molecules is called a — —
4) Are normally form from two or more what?

Answer 11

Tug-of-war
molecules, diatomic
molecular compound
non-metals

Question 12

Example of covalent bonds
2 hydrogen atoms - 2 electrons
1 oxygen atom - 6 electrons
Need two hydrogens to share two electrons with oxygen (draw lines between)

Answer 12

Water (H2O)

Question 13

Example of covalent
1 nitrogen - 5 electrons
3 hydrogens - 3 electrons
Need three hydrogens to bond with one nitrogen by lines

Answer 13

NH3 (Ammonia)

Question 14

Molecular formulas of covalent
1) Chemical formula of a — —
2) Similar to chemical formulas, except they are for — instead of ionic compounds
3) Water: H2O
Ammonia: NH3

Answer 14

molecular compound
molecules

Question 15

Hydrogen bonding:
1) Bonds that involve the bonding of —- and a very electronegative molecule containing, —, —, or —- that is already bonded to a hydrogen atom

Answer 15

hydrogen; nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine

Question 16

Octet rule in covalent bonding
1) Electron sharing usually occurs so that atoms can attain the electron configuration of —- (they want to be —)
2) Single bonds: two atoms are held together by sharing — pair of electrons
3) Double bonds: involves sharing – pairs of electrons
4) triple bonds: involve — shared pairs of electrons
5) unshared pair (lone pair)
a pair of valence electrons that is — shared between atoms

Answer 16

noble gases (stable)
one
two
three
not shared