Bonding (3)

Question 1

How do non-metal atoms achieve a full outer shell of electrons?

Answer 1

Share electrons

Question 2

What type of structures do covalent substances tend to have?

Answer 2

Small molecular structures

Question 3

What are displayed formulae?

Answer 3

2D representations of molecules.

Question 4

What is the name of the bond formed when atoms share pairs of electrons?

Answer 4

Covalent bond

Question 5

What are small molecules in covalent substances known as?

Answer 5

Simple molecules

Question 6

What do displayed formulae indicate?

Answer 6

What atoms are in a molecule and how they are connected.

Question 7

What is formed when two or more atoms are chemically bonded?

Answer 7

Molecules

Question 8

What do displayed formulae fail to show?

Answer 8

Relative sizes of atoms/bonds and the 3D shape of molecules.

Question 9

What is a key difference between covalent bonds and ionic bonds?

Answer 9

Electrons are shared in covalent bonds, not transferred like in ionic bonds.

Question 10

What types of covalent structure can covalent bonding create?

Answer 10

Small molecules, large molecules, extended giant structures

Question 11

How can small covalent molecules be represented?

Answer 11

Dot and cross diagrams

Question 12

What makes giant covalent structures different in terms of their physical state at room temperature compared to small molecules?

Answer 12

Usually solid because there are no weak intermolecular forces, only strong covalent bonds

Question 13

What is the difference between bonding electrons and non-bonding electrons?

Answer 13

Bonding electrons are shared, non-bonding electrons are not

Question 14

Name three common giant covalent structures.

Answer 14

Diamond, graphite, silicon dioxide

Question 15

What type of force exists between individual molecules?

Answer 15

Weak intermolecular forces

Question 16

What characteristic do giant covalent structures have regarding their melting and boiling points?

Answer 16

High melting and boiling points

Question 17

Do simple covalent molecules conduct electricity?

Answer 17

No

Question 18

What atoms show covalent bonding in this specification?

Answer 18

Non-metals only.

Question 19

Why is it important to understand the limitations of models like displayed formulae?

Answer 19

To confidently describe what models can and cannot show about molecules.

Question 20

Which molecules can be represented by dot-and-cross diagrams?

Answer 20

Hydrogen, chlorine, oxygen, nitrogen, hydrogen chloride, water, ammonia, methane

Question 21

Why are small molecules often gases or liquids at room temperature?

Answer 21

Weak intermolecular forces between molecules

Question 22

What are giant covalent structures also known as?

Answer 22

Giant lattices