Bonding, Compounds, and Organic Chemistry Flashcards
1
Q
Metallic Bonding
A
- Metal atoms can lose their valence (outer shell) electrons fairly easily, and these merge together to form a ‘sea’ of electrons (delocalized electrons).
- The atoms that have lost their electrons are now positive ions, known as cations.
- Cations are in a huge, regular, three-dimensional arrangement called a lattice.
- The bonding in metals is the attraction between the sea of electrons and the positive metal cations.
- The bonding is usually quite strong.
2
Q
Covalent Bonding
A
- Covalent bonding is the sharing of pairs of electrons and occurs between non-metal atoms such as carbon and oxygen.
- Covalent bonding usually results in the formation of discrete (separate) groupings of atoms known as molecules.
- A molecule is a group of non-metal atoms covalently bound and represented by a chemical formula.
- Examples of covalent molecular substances are CO2 and H2O.
- The formula and name indicate the number and type of atoms present in a molecule of that substance.
3
Q
Naming Covalent Bonds
A
- The element that is closer to the left side of the periodic table is named first and it keeps its normal name.
- The element closer to the right-hand side of the periodic table is named second and has the end of its name changed to end in ‘- ide’.
- Prefixes are used to indicate if more than one atom of that element is present in the molecule.
4
Q
Prefixes
A
- Mono - 1
- Di - 2
- Tri - 3
- Tetra - 4
- Penta – 5
- Hexa – 6
- Hepta – 7
- Octa – 8
- Nona – 9
- Deca – 10
5
Q
Organic Chemistry
A
- The element carbon (C) combines to form so many compounds that it has its own branch of Chemistry, called ‘Organic Chemistry’.
- A substance that has carbon as its main structural element, is called an organic compound.
- When two carbon atoms bond, they share one, two or three electrons each and form a covalent bond.
- Many organic compounds contain other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen.
