Bonding,Structure and Properties of Matter

Question 1

How are ions formed

Answer 1

When an atom loses or gains an electron in order to get a full outer shell

Question 2

What is ionic bonding

Answer 2

When a metal and non metal react together, (extra info: the metal atom loses and electron and the non metal gains an electron. These oppositely charged ions are strongly attracted to each other by electro static force)

Question 3

Properties of Ionic compounds

Answer 3

Ionic compounds have giant ionic lattices
High melting points and high boiling points
because of the large amounts of energy needed to break the strong bonds.
When melted or dissolved in water, ionic compounds conduct electricity

Question 4

What is Covalent Bonding

Answer 4

When non metal atoms bond together,they share pairs of electrons to make covalent bonds

Question 5

Properties of simple molecular substances

Answer 5

The forces of attraction between the molecules are very weak
Melting and boiling point very low due to the feeble intermolecular forces
Don’t conduct electricity due to no free electrons

Question 6

Properties of Giant covalent structures

Answer 6

Very high melting points.
Strong covalent bonds. These bonds must
be overcome to melt or boil these substances.

Question 7

What is an allotrope

Answer 7

Different structural forms of the same element in the same physical state

Question 8

Carbon allotrope: Diamond

Answer 8

Made up of carbon atoms that each form 4 covalent bonds which makes diamond really hard
The strong covalent binds take a lot of energy to break making it have high melting point
Doesn’t conduct electricity because it has no free electrons

Question 9

Graphene

sheet

Answer 9

A sheet of carbon atoms joined together in hexagons
One atom thick
Very light
Conducts electricity

Question 10

Buckminster fullerene

Answer 10

First fullerene to be discovered. C^60 and forms a hollow sphere

Question 11

Properties of Metals

Answer 11

Solid at room temp
High melting and boiling points
Good conductors of electricity and heat
Most metals are malleable

Question 12

What is an alloy

Answer 12

A mixture of two or more metals or a metal and another element.
Harder than pure metals

Question 13

Why are alloys harder than pure metals

Answer 13

Two elemets are being mixed together whcih will distort the layers of the metal atom making it more difficult for them to slide over. Making alloys harder than pure metals

Question 14

Properties of a solid

Answer 14

Strong forces of attraction between particles which holds them together in fixed positions
Particles don’t move so they keep a definite shape and volume
Particles vibrate about their positions

Question 15

Properties of a liquid

Answer 15

Weak force of attraction so randomly arranged Tend to stick closely together
Definite volume
Particles are constantly moving about randomly

Question 16

Properties of a gas

Answer 16

Force attraction very weak
Free to move around
Don’t keep definite shape or volume and will fill a container
Particles move constantly with random motion
Gas either expands when heated or their pressure increases

Question 17

Carbon Allotrope: Graphite

Answer 17

Each carbon atoms form three covalent bonds creating sheets of carbon atoms arranged in hexagons
Free to move over each other
Soft and slippery
High melting and boiling point
Contains one delocalised electron
Conducts heat and electricity

Question 18

Properties of Metallic bonding

Answer 18

A giant structure of atoms arranged in a regular pattern
The outermost electrons will be shared with all the other atoms forming a positive charge
The delocalised electrons hold everything together