Bone and Cartilage Tumors

Question 1

The 5 benign tumors of bone are what?

Answer 1

• osteoma
• osteoid osteoma
• osteoBlastoma
• giant cell tumor (osteoClastoma)
• osteochondroma

Question 2

Osteomas present on ______ bones and are associated with __________ syndrome

Answer 2

• facial bones

- Gardener syndrome

Question 3

Gardener syndrome is a colorectal cancer associated with osteomas and fibromatosis in the __________

Answer 3

retroperitoneum

Question 4

Gardener’s syndrome is a colorectal cancer that’s FAP+. What is FAP?

Answer 4

familial adenomatous polyposis

• AD mutation of APC gene (Ch 5)
• two hit hypothesis, thousands of polyps result

Question 5

How does location of Osteoid Osteomas differ from regular osteomas?

Answer 5

• Osteoid osteoma: DIAPHYSIS of long bones

- osteoma: facial bones

Question 6

Xray of a male <25 yrs old shows a sclerotic ring with a radiolucent center, located on the diaphysis of the femur. Dx?

Answer 6

osteoid osteoma

think: 2 o’s in name = O ring on xray

Question 7

Osteoma, osteoid osteoma, and osteoblastoma are all proliferations of _____________

Answer 7

osteoBlasts

Question 8

OsteoBlastomas are ________ in size compared to osteoid osteomas, as well as found _________

Answer 8

larger (>2 cm)

found in the VERTEBRE

Question 9

Bone pain associated with osteoid osteomas ________ to ASA tx, while osteoBlastomas _________

Answer 9

• does react to ASA

- does not react to ASA

Question 10

What sex typically gets more bone tumors?

Answer 10

males

Question 11

Most bone tumors present at what age range?

Answer 11

typically <25 years

Question 12

What are the 2 clear exceptions to the age rule for bone/cartilage tumors?

Answer 12

• giant cell tumor (20-40 yrs)

- Chondrosarcoma (30-60 yrs)

Question 13

Giant cell tumors are proliferations of what cell?

Answer 13

osteoClasts

Question 14

What is the only bone tumor commonly found on the EPIPHYSIS?

Answer 14

giant cell tumor

Question 15

The characteristic finding on xray for an osteoClastoma is what?

Answer 15

-double bubble/soap bubble sign

Question 16

Osteochondromas are composed of what?

Answer 16

a bony outgrowth covered in cartilage (duh)

Question 17

A dick shaped outgrowth coming out of the METAPHYSIS is found on gross exam. What’s it called?

Answer 17

osteochondroma (aka exotstosis)

Question 18

How do we know that osteochondromas can progress to chondrosarcomas?

Answer 18

shaped like a penis…it’ll fuck ya!

Question 19

Osteosarcomas are malignant bone tumors that share a spot on the bone with what benign bone tumor?

Answer 19

found on the METAPHYSIS (along with osteochondromas)

Question 20

Osteosarcomas are proliferations of osteoBlasts, which can push out on the _________ causing the classic _____________

Answer 20

PERIOSTEUM

CODMAN’S ANGLE (SUNBURST also)

Question 21

What are the 3 predisposing factors to developing an x ray with Codman’s angle?

Answer 21

• Paget’s dz
• radiation therapy
• familial retinoblastoma (weird)

Question 22

Ewing’s sarcomas are derived from what?

Answer 22

neuroectoderm (poorly divided cells)

Question 23

What is the characteristic gross finding for a Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 23

Onion skin on cross section

donut around the bone

Question 24

What must be present in a cell’s nucleus for it to be labeled a Ewing’s sarcoma?

Answer 24

t(11; 22)

patrick ewing was #33 (11+22)

Question 25

What type of cartilage tumor presents between 30 and 60?

Answer 25

Chondrosarcoma

Question 26

Cartilage tumors always involve what part?

Answer 26

the medulla

Question 27

Chondromas are benign tumors of the ________

Answer 27

medulla of hand and foot bones

Question 28

Chondrosarcomas classically present where?

Answer 28

medulla of pelvic bones, axial skeleton