Bone tumours and metastases Flashcards
What cancers commonly metastasise to bone?
Bronchus, breast, prostate, kidney, thyroid, lung
What are symptoms of metastases?
Bone pain
Fractures
Hypercalcaemia Sx.
What types of lesions can metastases cause in bones?
Lytic e.g. lung adenocarcioma, cause osteoclast activation.
Sclerotic e.g. breast cancer or carcinoud, cause reactive bone formation
What types of tumours cause solitary bone mets?
Renal and thyroid carcinoma
What are types of benign primary bone tumours?
• Osteoid osteoma
• Chondroma
Giant cell tumour
What are types of malignant primary bone tumour?
Osteosarcoma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing’s tumour
What is osteoid osteoma?
An osteoblast proliferation common in boys (children), causing sclerotic lesion
Common in long bones
What is Sx of osteoid osteoma?
Bone pain, worst at night, relieved by aspirin; scoliosis.
How is osteoid osteoma treated?
Probe into tumour, kill it with heat or coagulation.
What is osteosarcoma and Sx?
A malignant tumour whose cells form osteoid (e.g. osteoblasts), affecting ages 10-25, especially boys.
usually metaphysis of long bones, causing pain
Early mets to lungs can cause Sx.
How is osteosarcoma diagnosed and treated?
Image guided biopsy
8 weeks of chemo, surgery (replacement), then further chemo
Worse prognosis if patients have Paget’s disease and multifocal disease
What is Paget’s sarcoma?
Second osteosarcoma peak in elderly in those with Paget’s disease.
Lytic lesions in long bones, poor prognosis due to early mets to lungs
What is a chondroma? And presentation?
A benign lobulated mass of cartilage within medulla, usually in hands and feet.
Asymptomatic in long bones, swelling and pathological fractures in hands/feet
How is chondroma treated?
Curattege and filled with bone cement
What is chondrosarcoma?
Primary malignancy tumour or cartilage arising from de novo or from pre-existing chondroma or exostosis.
Middle aged/elderly, males
