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Wine Study > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

1
Q

In what year was the Institut National des Appellation d’Origine (INAO) created?

A

In 1935 to delimit and enforce France’s wine appellation system.

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2
Q

The AOC system was modeled after?

A

Chateauneuf-du-Pape model.

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3
Q

The Chateauneuf-du-Pape model consisted of (AOC)?

A

Stipulated limits on yields, vineyard density, training and pruning techniques, grape variety, methods of production, minimum alcohol levels, minimum must weight, and the geographic boundaries of each.

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4
Q

White Wine yields?

A

90 hl/ha.

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5
Q

Red and Rose Wine yields?

A

85 hl/ha.

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6
Q

Two largest wine (volume) producing regions in France

A

Bordeaux and Languedoc.

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7
Q

Bordeaux total vineyard area?

A

306,000.

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8
Q

Wine production dates back to?

A

The 4th century AD near the Garonne.

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9
Q

When did England rule over Bordeaux?

A

1152-1453.

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10
Q

Bordeaux’s climate is?

A

Maritime, with both the Atlantic and the Gironde estuary acting as moderating influences, protecting the vines from freezes and spring frost.

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11
Q

St. Emilion and Pomeral’s climate is?

A

More continental.

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12
Q

Six grapes allowed in Bordeaux are?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot, Cabernet Franc, Petit Verdot, Malbec and Carmenere.

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13
Q

Merlot prefers what kind of soil?

A

Clay-based soils that delay its natural vigor.

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14
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon prefers what kind of soil?

A

Well-drained gravel, which allows the root system to dig deeply while slight water stress adds concentration to the fruit.

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15
Q

Cabernet Franc prefers what kind of soil?

A

Limestone-based soils which promote freshness in the wine.

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16
Q

Cabernet Sauvignon attributes what to a wine?

A

Structure, power and longevity. Along with red fruit, bell pepper and graphite. Power, Austerity, Deep Color, High Tannin, Black fruit

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17
Q

Merlot attributes what to a wine?

A

Plushness, Texture, Higher Alcohol, Blue and red Fruit.

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18
Q

Cabernet Franc attributes what to a wine?

A

Fragrance, Black and Red Fruit, Freshness, Herbal notes, Bell pepper.

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19
Q

Which Bordeaux red grape variety ripens last?

A

The inky Petit Verdot, the latest grape in Bordeaux to ripen, is occasionally added on the left bank in minute quantities for color, depth and exotic perfume; it is essentially non-exisitent on the Right bank.

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20
Q

What is sometime blended in Right bank Bordeaux wines to deepen color and at perfume notes?

A

Malbec, also known as Pressac.

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21
Q

White grape varieties of Bordeaux?

A

Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc and Muscadelle.

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22
Q

Lesser known/used white grape varieties of Bordeaux are?

A

Ugi Blanc, Merlot Blanc, and Colombard. With maximum proportions being 30%.

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23
Q

Sauvignon Blanc attributes what to White Bordeuaxs?

A

Sauvignon Blanc offers pungency, high acidity and citrus flavors.

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24
Q

Semillon attributes what to White Bordeauxs?

A

In Bordeaux, Sauvignon Blanc can be leavened with Semillon and rounded with oak; the best white wines achieve creamy, waxy texture while emitting unique aromas of honey and beeswax.

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25
Q

Muscadelle attributes what to White Bordeaux?

A

Muscadelle is added sparingly, as it lovely, intense floral character and quickly overtake the wine.

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26
Q

French barriques capacity is?

A

225 liter

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27
Q

The best white Bordeaux age for how long?

A

16 months in barrel.

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28
Q

How long is the Gironde estuary ?

A

50 miles.

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29
Q

Medoc AOP wines are best after?

A

% years aging, but do not have longevity or concentration of wines from further south.

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30
Q

Medoc AOP wines exhibit what flavors?

A

Simple fruit and earth flavors.

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31
Q

Which AOP appliation contains the best vineyards?

A

Haut-Medoc, it has well-drained gravelly soil, perfectly suited to cultivate Cabernet Sauvignon.

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32
Q

The deeper the banks of gravel are primarily located with in the which Left bank AOP?

A

Saint-Estephe, Paullac, St. Julien, Luistrac-Medoc, Moulis-en-Medoc and Margaux.

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33
Q

1855 Classifications of Bordeaux-First Growth?

A 
Château Lafite Rothschild-Pauillac
Château Latour-Pauillac
Château Margaux-Margaux
Château Haut-Brion-Pessac, Graves
Mouton-Pauillac
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34
Q

What Chateau is known as St-Estephe’s “super-second”?

A

Chateau d’Estournel is the most notable, making powerful wines in a polished modern style.

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35
Q

What are Pauillac three first growths?

A

Chateau Lafite Rothschild, Chateau Mouton-Rothschild and Chateau Latour.

36
Q

What about Pauillac makes it the perfect location for Cabernet Based wines?

A

In Pauillac the gravel topsoil of the Haut-Medoc is at its deepest point, and the Cabernet Sauvignon-based wines are structured and long-lived.

37
Q

Lafite and Latour represent the pinnacle of Pauillac, why?

A

Latour produced wines of brooding depth and concentration while Lafite emphasizes aromatics and elegance.

38
Q

What are St-Julien’s seconds growths?

A 
Château Léoville-Las Cases, St.-Julien
Château Léoville-Poyferré, St.-Julien
Château Léoville-Barton, St.-Julien
Château Gruaud-Larose
Château Ducru-Beaucaillou
39
Q

What are Marguax second growths?

A 
Château Rauzan-Ségla, Margaux
Château Rauzan-Gassies, Margaux
Château Durfort-Vivens, Margaux
Château Lascombes, Margaux
Château Brane-Cantenac, Cantenac-Margaux (Margaux)
40
Q

Whats Margaux’s soil type like?

A

The village of Margaux itself rests on thin, sandy gravel deposited over limestone, although the croupes in the appellation contains a greater diversity of soil types with more clay in the outlying ares.

41
Q

Which AOP has the largest number of classified growths?

A

Margaux contains 21 classified growths.

42
Q

What are wines from Margaux AOP?

A

The wines of Margaux are often described as feminine, with an emphasis on floral bouquet, exotic character and finesse,

43
Q

Which third growth Margaux is known for being consistently great?

A

Chateau Palmer is an excellent estate, commanding high prices.

44
Q

Which Graves Chateau remains the first identifiable vineyard and was a papal gift awarded to Bordeaux in 1305?

A

Chateau Pape-Clemant.

45
Q

Which AOP was a favorite of Thomas Jefferson?

A

Graves, Haut-Brion.

46
Q

What is the soil like in Graves AOP?

A

Graves is similar to the Medoc, but becomes sandier toward the south. The mixture of sand, gravel and light clay is known as boulbenes.

47
Q

How are red and whites wines labeled in Graves ?

A

Graves AOP.

48
Q

What northern Graves sub-appellation was created in 1987?

A

Pesssac-Leognan AOP was created in northern Graves effetivly becoming the prestige appellation for both red and dr white wines while sidelining the producers of the southern Graves.

49
Q

What are all the crus classe Chateauxs of Pessac-Leognan AOP?

A 
Pessac
Leognan
Cadaujac
Canejan
Gradignan
Martillac
Merignac
Saint-Medard-d'Eyrans
Talence
Villanave-d'Ornons
50
Q

What are the three smaller sweet wine appellations of Bordeaux?

A

Ceron, Barsac and Sauternes.

51
Q

What are the three grape varieties used to make sweet white Bordeaux?

A

Semillon, Sauvignon Blanc, and Muscadelle.

52
Q

What do Sauternes taste and smell like?

A

The wines achieve an intense spiced complexity that would be impossible to duplicate through normal dehydration; with time the mold-affiliated grapes can imbue a bouquet of honey, saffron, dried fruit and ginger spice.

53
Q

What is the first growth of Sauternes?

A

Premier Cru Superieur: Chateau d’Yquem.

54
Q

What years were Chateaux d’Yquem Sauternes NOT produced?

A

Yquem will not produce a Sauternes AOP in a poor wine year, such as 1992 or 1974.

55
Q

What are the minimum yields for Sauternes?

A

The grapes must weight of 221 grams per liter, and the finished wines must contain at least 45 grams per liter of RS. Often they are aged in moderate-to-high percentage of new oak for up to two years prior to release.

56
Q

Chateau Gilatte releases what kind of wines?

A

Chateau Gilatte releases the remarkable “Creme de Tete” after decades-long maturation in concrete vats.

57
Q

What is the Right Bank Chateau the uses more Cabernet Sauvignon than Merlot.

A

Chateau Figeac-St-Emilion, due to its soil, which is dominated by gravel, it is planted in grape varieties Cabernet Sauvignon (35%), Cabernet Franc (35%), and Merlot (30%).

58
Q

In St-Emilion the cotes are?

A

Cotes are steep limestone slopes.

59
Q

In St-Emilion the graves are?

A

Graves are gravely limestone plateau resembling soils in Medoc.

60
Q

Sautrenes Premier Cru?

A

Château La Tour Blanche, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Lafaurie-Peyraguey, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Clos Haut-Peyraguey, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château de Rayne-Vigneau, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Suduiraut, Preignac (Sauternes)
Château Coutet, Barsac
Château Climens, Barsac
Château Guiraud, Sauternes
Château Rieussec, Fargues (Sauternes)
Château Rabaud-Promis, Bommes (Sauternes)
Château Sigalas-Rabaud, Bommes (Sauternes)

61
Q

St-Emilion Premiers Grands Crus Classés A?

A

Château Ausone
Château Cheval Blanc
Château Angélus
Château Pavie

62
Q

St-Emilion Premiers Grands Crus Classés B?

A 
Château Beauséjour (Duffau-Lagarrosse)
Château Beau-Séjour Bécot
Château Bélair-Monange
Château Canon
Château Figeac
Clos Fourtet
Château La Gaffelière
Château Magdelaine
Château Pavie-Macquin
Château Troplong Mondot
Château Trottevieille
63
Q

Pomerol AOP soil is?

A

Merlot is particulary successful in Pomeral’s clay-based soils, as evidenced by the wines of Chateau Petrus, where the subsoil clay rises very close to the surface.

64
Q

Petrus wines taste and smell like?

A

They come from a small commune having a reputation for being hedonistic, plump and opulent. Approachable sooner than left bank, comprised of 70-80% Merlot and 20-25% Cabernet Franc.

65
Q

The top Chateaus in Pomerol are?

A 
Chateau Petrus
Vieux-Chateau-Certan
Chateau Lafleur
Chateau Le Pin
Chateau Trotanoy
66
Q

What are the four satellite appellations for St-Emilion?

A

Lussac, St-George, Montagne and Puisseguin.

67
Q

Where are the oldest vineyards in Bordeaux found?

A

In the lesser know AOPs of Bourg and Cote de Bourg.

68
Q

What is unique about the white wines from Blaye AOP and Cote de Blaye AOP?

A

They uniquely incorporate a large percentage of Uni Blanc and Clombard in its dry wines, although many estates in this northernmost Bordeaux region are now allying to the new Cote de Boredeaux concept.

69
Q

Entre-Deux-Mers AOP means?

A

“Land between two seas” the Dordogne and Garonne rivers. Is one of Bordeaux’s largest regions and exclusively produces dry white wines.

70
Q

What are the sweet wine appellations near the Garonne river?

A

Loupiac
Ste-Croix-du-Mont
Cadillac

71
Q

Cote de Bordeaux-Saint-Macire AOP produces what from Bordeaux?

A

South of Loupiac may produce white wines sec, moelleux, or liquereux styles.

72
Q

Sainte-Foy-Bordeaux AOP and Graves de Vayres AOP produce what kinds of wine?

A

Both red and White

73
Q

What is the molecular compound for pyrazine?

A

2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine

74
Q

How many ha of Merlot are planted in Bordeaux?

A

69,407 ha in 2011

75
Q

In the vineyard, what does Merlot tend to do?

A

Merlot buds and ripens up to two weeks earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon, and it is inclined to overproduce. It needs cool soils like clay to restrain ripening, and requires severe pruning.

76
Q

In the blend what does Merlot add to the wine?

A

Merlot is prized for its lush blue plum fruit, its expansive mid-palate, and it warmth of alcohol. It can still be tannic, but more supple fleshy, and fruit forward.

77
Q

How many ha of Cabernet Sauvignon are planted in Bordeaux?

A

25,634 ha 2011.

78
Q

How many ha of Cabernet Franc are planted in Bordeaux?

A

11,503 ha 2011.

79
Q

How many ha of Malbec are planted in Bordeaux?

A

595 ha 2011

80
Q

How many ha of Semillon are planted in Bordeaux?

A

7,236 ha 2011

81
Q

How many ha of Sauvignon Blanc are planted in Bordeaux?

A

5,516 ha 2011

82
Q

Outstanding vintages for Bordeaux?

A

1784, 1811, 1825, 1844, 1846, 1847, 1848, 1858, 1864, 1865, 1870, 1875, 1899, 1900, 1920, 1926, 1928, 1929, 1945, 1953, 1959, 1961, 1982, 1985, 1989, 1990, 2000, 2005

83
Q

Petit Verdot attributes what to a wine?

A

Floral perfume, Deep Color, High Tannin.

84
Q

Saint-Estephe AOP wines could be described as?

A

Tannic, Austere, Rugged.

85
Q

Saint-Julien AOP wines could be described as?

A

Balance and Restrained.

86
Q

Pauillac AOP wines could be described as?

A

Aristocratic, Powerful and Long-lived.

87
Q

Margaux AOP wines could be described as?

A

Exotic, Perfumed, and Silky.

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