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Anatomy > Brain and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Brain and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 parts of the brain stem?

A
  • midbrain
  • pons
  • medulla oblongata
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2
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the brain?

A
  • occipital
  • parietal
  • frontal
  • temporal
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3
Q

What lobe of the brain contains the visual cortex?

A

Occipital lobe

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4
Q

What is the anatomical name for the little brain?

A

Cerebellum

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5
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Motor movements of the eye, and in auditory and visual processing

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6
Q

What is the function of pons?

A
  • control of breathing
  • communication between parts of brain
  • hearing
  • taste
  • balance
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7
Q

What is the only cranial nerve that arises directly laterally from the pons?

A

Trigeminal nerve - CN V

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8
Q

How many pairs of cranial nerves are there?

A

12

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9
Q

What are protective coverings for the brain and spinal cord?

A

Meninges

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10
Q

What are the 3 layers in meninges?

A
  1. Dura matter
  2. Arachnoid matter
  3. Pia matter
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11
Q

Does the dura matter receive pain?

A

Yes

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12
Q

What are the 2 layers of the dura matter?

A
  1. periosteal
  2. meningeal
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13
Q

What forms when the 2 layers of dura matter come apart?

A

Dural venous sinuses

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14
Q

What is the feature of the arachnoid matter?

A

arachnoid granulations which reabsorb CSF

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15
Q

What space contains CFS?

A

Subarachnoid space

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16
Q

How is CFS constantly recycled?

A

Via granulations into the dural venous sinuses

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17
Q

Where does the pia matter lay?

A

follows the contours of the brain exactly

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18
Q

What artery lies between the 2 layers of the dura matter?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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19
Q

Where does the vertebral artery travel once it has left the subclavian artery?

A

Travels via the transverse foramina of cervical vertebrae (entering at C6)

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20
Q

Where does the vertebral artery enter the brain?

A

foramen magnum

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21
Q

What do the right and left vertebral arteries joint together to form?

A

basilar artery

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22
Q

What does the common carotid artery split into?

A

right and left internal carotid arteries

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23
Q

Where do the internal carotid arteries enter the brain?

A

via carotid canal

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24
Q

What is the circle of Willis?

A

an arterial anastomosis - a network of connecting arteries

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25
Q

What is the importance of the circle of Willis?

A

If there is blockage of one supply source then the brain will continue to be perfused with arterial blood due to the circle.

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26
Q

What artery supplies the medial aspect of the right cerebral hemisphere?

A

right anterior cerebral artery

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27
Q

What artery supplies the posterior aspect of the right cerebral hemisphere?

A

right posterior cerebral artery

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28
Q

What artery supplies the lateral aspect of the left cerebral hemisphere?

A

Left middle cerebral artery

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29
Q

Where is the confluence of the dural venous sinuses?

A

the internal occipital protuberance

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30
Q

What sinus becomes the right internal jugular vein and where?

A

right sigmoid sinus at the jugular foramen

31
Q

What gland is found between the cavernous sinuses?

A

pituitary gland

32
Q

What is the function of cerebral veins?

A

Return venous blood directly from the brain tissue back towards sinuses

33
Q

How many ventricles are in the brain?

A

4

34
Q

Where is CFS made?

A

lateral ventricles 1 and 2

35
Q

What is the function of arachnoid granulations?

A

recycle CFS

36
Q

Somatic sensory nerves are from?

A

skin, mucosa, fascia, bone, skeletal muscle

37
Q

somatic motor nerves supply?

A

motor muscle

38
Q

What nervous system are parasympathetic nerves part of?

A

autonomic nervous system

39
Q

Special sensory nerves are from?

A

special sense organs

40
Q

What cranial nerves are special sensory?

A

CN I - olfactory
CN II - optic
CN VIII - vestibulocochlear

41
Q

What cranial nerves are mixed?

A

CN III - oculomotor
CN V - trigeminal
CN VII - facial
CN IX - glossopharyngeal
CN X -

42
Q

What cranial nerves are somatic motor?

A

CN IV - trochlear
CN VI - Abducent
CN XI - Accessory spinal
CN XII - Hypoglossal

43
Q

Where do olfactory receptor cells pass through?

A

Cribriform plate

44
Q

What is it called where the optic nerves cross over information?

A

Optic chiasma

45
Q

What is the function of the olfactory nerve?

A

sense of smell

46
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve ?

A

sense of sight

47
Q

What are the 2 parts of the visual fields of the optic nerve?

A

temporal and nasal

48
Q

What perceives the nasal field of the optic nerve?

A

temporal part of the retina - no cross over

49
Q

What perceives the temporal field of the optic nerve?

A

nasal part of the retina - cross over at chiasma - perceived by right side of brain

50
Q

What is the function of the oculomotor nerve (CN III)?

A

Eye muscles (somatic motor)
sphincter pupillae muscle (parasympathetic)

51
Q

What muscle raises the eyelid?

A

levator palpebral superioris

52
Q

How would you clinically test the optic nerve?

A

pupillary light reflex

53
Q

What does the trochlear nerve supply?

A

superior oblique muscle (extra-ocular)

54
Q

What is the only cranial nerve to emerge from the posterior aspect of the midbrain?

A

Trochlear nerve (CN IV)

55
Q

What does the abducent nerve supply?

A

Lateral rectus muscle (extra-ocular)?

56
Q

Where does the abducent nerve lie?

A

junction between pons and medulla

57
Q

What are the 3 parts of the trigeminal nerve (CN V)?

A

Va - ophthalmic
Vb - maxillary
Vc - mandibular

58
Q

Where does the separate motor root of the trigeminal nerve join?

A

sensory part of Vc at foramen ovale

59
Q

What is the only cranial nerve to directly emerge from the pons?

A

Trigeminal nerve (CN V)

60
Q

Where does the trigeminal motor root sit?

A

deep to the trigeminal ganglion

61
Q

What does CN Va supply?

A

skin of upper face

62
Q

What does CN Vb supply?

A

skin of mid face

63
Q

What does CN Vc supply?

A
  • sensory to skin of most of lower face
  • motor to muscles of mastication, ABD, mylohyoid and 2 tensors
64
Q

What are the 3 cranial fossae?

A

anterior
middle
posterior

65
Q

What cranial nerves enter the anterior fossa?

A

Olfactory CN I

66
Q

What cranial nerves enter the middle fossa?

A

CN II - CN VI

67
Q

What cranial nerves enter the posterior fossa?

A

CN VII - CN XII

68
Q

Where does CN Va exit?

A

superior orbital fissure

69
Q

Where does CN Vb exit?

A

foramen rotundum

70
Q

Where does CN Vc exit?

A

foraminal valley

71
Q

What does the trigeminal ganglion contain?

A

sensory fibres from Va, Vb and Vc join.
cell bodies of CN V peripheral sensory neurones

72
Q

What is the function of the cavernous sinus?

A

removes venous blood from the cranial cavity

73
Q

What artery sits below the trigeminal ganglion at foramen spinosum?

A

middle meningeal artery

74
Q

What gland sits inferior to diaphragm sellae?

A

pituitary gland

Anatomy (7 decks)

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