Brain Cells Flashcards
How many neurons ( brain cells) do we start with? ( 100 down)
100 billion!
what are the 3 types of brain cells? (GEM)
- Glial cells - astrocytes & oligodendrocytes
- Ependymal cells - line the CSF-filled ventricles (neurogenesis)
- Microglia - remove dead /degenerating neurons or glia (phagocytosis)
How are neurones Classified? ( N- A- NT -NC- D)
Number of neurites
Number of dendrites ( spines? )
Axon length: Golgi type 1 ( long) 2 (small)
Neurotransmitter used?
Neuronal connections ( sensory or motor)
**See diagnosis. p120/ 121
What is cortex composed of ? W + G
white matter ( mylenated axons)
grey matter ( cell bodies)
what are 4 parts of a Neuron? ( SAD-P)
soma (cell body),
dendrites,
axons,
presynaptic terminal
- See diagram p123
What are parts of cell ( plasma) membrane of a neuron ? ( in + out)
Inside ( *intracellular) : cytoplasm, intracellular fluid
Outside ( *extracellular)
- Plasma membrane is Phospholipid bilayer: Diag p123
What are 8 parts of neuron cell body + Organelles?
See p107 ..also google a video !
*Nucleus ( DNA)
*Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Nissl bodies): (Protein synthesis)
*Ribosomes ( translator from mRNA
*Polyribosomes ( working together on the same strand of mRNA )
* Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- fold proteins for 3D structure
/regulate internal concentrations of ions [Ca2+]
*Golgi Apparatus (sort proteins for delivery to specific parts of the neuron)
*Mitochondrion - Energy producers of the cell
*Release Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) produced by the Krebs cycle - provides energy and drives cellular processes (e.g. Na+/K+ pump)
What do organelles do? ( protein + ?)
make protein: E provide by mitochondria
See Diag p125
What do Axons do? ( soma to ?)
Carry info from soma( body ) to presynaptic buttons
Diag p125
How do proteins made in soma reach terminal? ( vesicles dock…)
Axoplasmic transport: Molecules (proteins) made in soma transported to the terminal - vesicles dock to kinesin on the microtubules which move along the axon
Diag p126
What are the 4 different glial cells(supportive)? (ROS-A)
*Astrocytes - numerous, fill the space between neurons : Regulates chemical environment / Supplies nutrients, ions, oxygen from blood supply /Synchronise neurons /Can be regulated by neurotransmitters!
*Oligodendrocytes - wrap cells in myelin :interrupted by nodes of Ranvier (helps with
propogation of electrical signal along the axon)
- Schwann cells (periphery) - similar to oligodendrocyte,:does not share myelin
- Radial glia - guide neuron migration and axon growth (embryonic) … Microglia - rid toxins
Diag p128-9
Neurons and glia can be visualised how? ( Golgi +
By staining techniques, such as Golgi, Fluorescence
The afferent and efferent neurons to a brain region can be discovered how? Anterograde +
using anterograde (efferent) and retrograde (afferent) labelling
