Breast Cancer Flashcards
Aetiology and Risk if Breast Cancer
increased prevalence with age
genetic predisposition
Hereditary
Hormonal Factors
explain the aetiology behind BC being hereditary
there are two genes that are breast cancer causing
- BRCA1 gene on chr 17
- BRCA2 gene on chr 13
explain the aetiology behind BC being related to hormonal factors
increased time with E and P
- early menarche
- late menopause
- exogenous E (taken with menopause)
- nulliparity (no months taken off from having E)
what are the most common areas that will have BCA
the upper out region is the most common (tail of spence in the axillary region)
and then the areolar are
what are the common types of BCA
- Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
- Ductal Carcinoma in SITU
- Infiltrating lobular carcinoma
- Medullary Carcinoma
Patho of Ductal Carcinoma in SITU
proliferation of malignant cells within the milk ducts (intraductal)
does not invade surrounding area
considered a stage 0 d/t not being invasive
Patho of Infiltrating Ductal Carcinoma
most common form of BCA arises from DCIS and invades forms a solid irregular mass proximal met to the axillary lymph nodes distal met to the liver, brain, bone
Manifestations
usually unilateral fixed irregular mass LATE -discharge -retraction -edema
Diagnosis
Screening Tool: mammogram
self examinations
tumor serum markers (carcinoembryonic: has a role in cell adhesion so always present just elevated)
Biopdy
Treatment
Surgery
Radiation
Chemo
Hormones
Describe the treatment to do with hormones
look for E and P receptors
- Anti E (tamoxifen)
- increase E doses to down regulate
- use androgens and progestins
Describe the types of surgery used
Lumpectomy
Quadrantectomy
Mastectomy
When do you give chemotherapy
before and after surgery
