Breathing

Question 1

Primary muscles of inspiration

Answer 1

• Diaphragm
• Scalenes
• Parasternal intercostal

Question 2

Accessory muscles of
inspiration

Answer 2

• Upper trap
• Pect minor
• SCM
• External intercostal
• Increase recuitment of Scalenes

Question 3

Muscle of force expiration

Answer 3

• Internal intercostal
• RA
• Int/Ext Obliques
• TRA

Question 4

RR for Adult, 6 yo, 6 mo

Answer 4

Adult: 12-20 (starting from 12 yo)
6 yo: 18-25
6 mo: 25-40

Question 5

Volume name of the Lung

Answer 5

IC: Inspiratory capacity= Max inspiration after a normal exhalation

FRC: Functional resideual capacity= Volume of air in lung after normal exhalation

IRV: Inspiratory reserve volume= Max amount of air that can be inspired above tidal volume

ERV: Max amount of air that can be exspired below tidal volume

TLC: Total lung capacity

TV: Tidal volume

RV: Residual volume

VC: Vital capacity

Question 6

Shunt

Answer 6

• Low V/Q ratio
• bad ventilation, good blood supply

Related Disease
E.g. Chronic bronchitis, Atelectasis, pneumonia, pulmonary edema

Question 7

Dead space

Answer 7

• High V/Q ratio
• good ventilation, poor blood supply

Related Disease
- Pulmonary embolism
- Emphysema–>degradation of alveolar vasculature

Anatomic dead space= air in conducting airway

Physiologic dead space= anatomic dead sapce+aveolar dead space
–> increase with problem of blood supply