Breathing & Respiratory System

Question 1

Respiratory surfaces is where…?

Answer 1

Respiratory surfaces is where gas exchange takes place

Question 2

What is the respiratory surface in humans?

Answer 2

The alveoli

Question 3

What diffuses into and out of the blood

Answer 3

Oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses out of the blood (and breathed out)

Question 4

Thorax = …?

Answer 4

The ribs and upper backbone that house the organs found in the chest

Question 5

Ribs = …?

Answer 5

Curved bones forming a protective cage around the chest organs

Question 6

Intercostal muscles = …?

Answer 6

The muscles in the chest wall that contract and cause the ribs to move out thereby increasing the volume of the thorax during breathing

Question 7

Diaphragm = …?

Answer 7

A muscular sheet between the thorax and abdomen which helps bring about breathing

Question 8

Lungs = …?

Answer 8

A pair of spongy, air-filled organs, to help you breathe

Question 9

Nasal cavity = …?

Answer 9

Air is wormed, moistened, moistened, filtered and cleaned in the naval cavity; with the aid of ciliated epithelial cells that move dirt along the mucus

Question 10

Trachea = …?

Answer 10

Always kept open by C-shaped rings. It divides into the left and right bronchus (plural - bronchi) and carries air to the lungs

Question 11

Bronchus = …?

Answer 11

Main airway into the lungs

Question 12

Bronchioles = …?

Answer 12

The bronchi divide into these smaller tubules, carrying air

Question 13

Alveoli = …?

Answer 13

The site of gas exchange- oxygen diffuses into the blood and carbon dioxide out

Question 14

Pleural membranes & fluid = …?

Answer 14

Line the inside of the chest walls (ribs) and the outside of the lungs. The fluid on the outside of the membrane also stops the friction

Question 15

What are the 2 parts of ventilation?

Answer 15

1. Inspiration (breathing in)

2. Expiration (breathing out)

Question 16

Why does air move in and out of the lungs?

Answer 16

The air moves in and out of the lungs due to changes in the volume and pressure of the thoracic cavity

Question 17

What happens when you breathe in?

Answer 17

1. The intercostal muscles contract. These pull the rib cage upwards so the chest increases in volume.
2. The diaphragm contracts. This makes it flatten out so the chest gets even bigger
3. As the chest gets larger, air is sucked down the wind-pipe and into the lungs

Question 18

What happens when you breathe out?

Answer 18

1. The intercostal muscles relax. Which lowers the rib cage and the chest decreases in volume
2. The diaphragm relaxes, and bulges upwards. This decreases the volume of the chest even more
3. Because the chest has got smaller, air is forced out of the lungs

Question 19

Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of large surface area?

Answer 19

Many alveoli are present in the lungs with a shape that further increases surface area. This makes a more efficient system

Question 20

Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of thin walls?

Answer 20

The thin walls(one cell thick) provides less distance for the gases to diffuse through

Question 21

Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of moist walls?

Answer 21

Gases dissolve in the moisture helping them pass across the gas exchange surface

Question 22

Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of permeable walls?

Answer 22

Allows gases to pass through because they are moist and thin

Question 23

Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of good blood supply?

Answer 23

Ensuring oxygen rich blood is taken away from lungs and carbon dioxide is taken to the lungs

Question 24

Describe how respiratory surface is adapted to gas exchange in terms of diffusion gradient?

Answer 24

Breathing ensures that the oxygen concentration in the alveoli is higher than in the capillaries so oxygen moves from the alveoli to the blood. Carbon dioxide diffuses in the opposite way

Question 25

What is the breathing rate?

Answer 25

The number of breaths per minute

Question 26

Explain the effect of exercise on breathing rate and depth of breathing?

Answer 26

During exercise, muscles are used more. They need more energy to move therefore at large amount of oxygen is required for respiration.
Carbon dioxide is also being produced at a larger rate. This increases the rate and depth of breathing which is how our body brewing in a larger volume of oxygen, and ultimately increases the rate of gas exchange

Question 27

What is respiration?

Answer 27

A series of chemical reactions in every single living cell that releases energy.

Due to the release of energy, respiration is described as being exothermic.

Question 28

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 28

Respiration that uses oxygen

Question 29

What is the word and balanced chemical equation of aerobic respiration?

Answer 29

Glucose + oxygen > carbon dioxide + water + energy

C6H12O6 + 6O2 > 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

Question 30

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 30

Respiration without oxygen

Question 31

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in muscles?

Answer 31

Glucose > lactic acid + acid

Question 32

What is the word equation for anaerobic respiration in yeast?

Answer 32

Glucose > alcohol + carbon dioxide + energy