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History > Britain > Flashcards

Britain Flashcards

1
Q

What year did Charles
I become King?

A

1625

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2
Q

What was royal power / rights known as?

A

The royal prerogative

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3
Q

What were the years of personal rule?

A

1629-1640

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4
Q

What 3 areas did Charles change during personal rule?

A

Religion, finance and government

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5
Q

What 6 financial changes did Charles make during personal rule?

A

ship money, nuisances, court of wards, monopolies, distraint of knighthood, plantations

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6
Q

Why did Scottish Covenanters rebel against Charles in 1637?

A

The Prayer Book

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7
Q

Why did Charles call parliament in April 1640

A

Needed money for Bishops’ War

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8
Q

Why did Charles call parliament again in November 1640

A

Needed money for second Bishops’ War - pay Scotland £850 a day

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9
Q

What happened in October 1641?

A

Irish rebellion

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10
Q

What happened in November 1641?

A

grand remonstrance

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11
Q

When were the 10 propositions given to charles by parliament?

A

June 1641

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12
Q

When were the 19 propositons given to Charles by parliament?

A

June 1642

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13
Q

What was the five members coup, January 1642?

A

Charles I trying to arrest leading members of parliament

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14
Q

What was included in the Newcastle Propositions, 1646?

A

appoint advisors, control militia, exclude 58 royalists from pardon, Presbyterianism for three years

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15
Q

When did the army take control of Charles?

A

June 1647

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16
Q

Why did the army take control of Charles?

A

Wanted to control negotiations at the end of the war (Heads of Proposals)

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17
Q

What was included in the army’s Heads of Proposals to Charles?

A

appoint advisors, control militia, exclude 7 royalists from pardon, negotiations over Church

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18
Q

What did the army call Charles I when he resstarted the war in 1647?

A

Man of Blood

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19
Q

What was Pride’s Purge, December 1648

A

Army stopping royalist sympathisers entering parliament, created the Rump

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20
Q

What were Cromwell’s aims?

A

Healing and reconciliation and a Godly Reformation

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21
Q

When was the Rump dismissed by Cromwell and why?

A

April 1653, Cromwell claimed they were failing to reform, too corrupt

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22
Q

Who made up the Nominated Assembly?

A

Gentry, some radicals, some moderates - Fifth Monarchists

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23
Q

When was Cromwell appointed Lord Protector as part of the Instrument of Government?

A

December 1653

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24
Q

Why were the Major Generals put in charge of the country?

A

Failure of Western Design - Cromwell didn’t think the country was religious enough

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25
Q

What were the stages of government during the Interregnum?

A

Rump, Nominated Assembly, Instrument of Government, Major Generals, Humble Petition and Advice

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26
Q

When was the Resoration Settlement?

A

1660-1665

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27
Q

How many preachers were ejected as of the 1662 Act of Uniformity?

A

1800

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28
Q

What was the name given to the religious aspects of the Restoration Settlement?

A

Clarendon Code

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29
Q

What was the Declaration of Indulgence, 1672?

A

Allowed religious toleration

30
Q

What was the Treaty of Dover, 1670?

A

Louis XIV and Charles II agreement - Louis gives money if Charles gets rid of Parliament and is favourable to Catholics

31
Q

Why was the Declaration of Indulgence stopped?

A

Charles needed money for war, called Parliament, they wouldn’t give money

32
Q

What was the Test Act of of 1673?

A

Had to take Anglican Communion to work in government

33
Q

What were the two political parties?

A

Whigs and Tories

34
Q

What was the Popish Plot, 1678/79

A

Supposed plot to kill Charles II and replace him with Catholic James

35
Q

When did James II become king?

A

1685

36
Q

What did James do to make him so unpopular?

A

Tolerated and promoted Catholocism

37
Q

Give 3 ways that William raised money for wars?

A

Lottery, Bank of England, Long term investors, new Recoinage Act

38
Q

In 1691, what did Parliament do to the army?

A

Reduced to 10,000 standing, then 7000

39
Q

What were the terms of the Toleration Act?

A

Dissenters were exempt from punishment if they failed to swear an oath, by 1714 there were 400,000 dissenters in England

40
Q

What did the Bill of Rights say?

A

Monarch can’t tax, can’t have army without consent of Parliament, too vague - ‘ought to be’

41
Q

What did the Act of Settlement say, 1701?

A

No Catholics can become monarchs

42
Q

How many legal societies were there in England in the 17th century?

A

4 Inns of Court

43
Q

Name one Leveller leader?

A

John Lilburne

44
Q

What happened to the population 1520-1680?

A

Doubled, 2.5million-5million

45
Q

How many towns over 5000 population in 1600 and 1700?

A

1600: 8
1700: 30

46
Q

What proportion of the urban population lived near the poverty line?

A

two thirds

47
Q

What proportion of the workforce were servants in villages?

A

two fifths of the workforce

48
Q

What % of the population were gentry or nobility?

A

2%

49
Q

How many gentry?

A

12000 lower
3000 higher

50
Q

How many merchants?

A

64,000 merchants trading in 1688, up from 30,000 since 1580

51
Q

How many women signed a petition for the release of John Lilburne?

A

10,000

52
Q

How many fields left fallow and how many used? In 1420 and 1770

A

1420: 7 million used, 3 million fallow
1770: 9 million used, 1.8 million fallow

53
Q

How many people in skilled crafts by 1700?

A

240,000

54
Q

By how much did exports grow?

A

1560s: £600,000 of exports
1660s: £1.5million of exports

55
Q

By 1700, what was the population of London?

A

575,000

56
Q

In 1640, what % of London’s exports were cloth?

A

92%

57
Q

Why were nitrogen rich crops so important?

A

Keep soil fertile

58
Q

Why did Goldsmiths develop as bankers?

A

Charles I took Royal Mint in 1640, had secure vaults

59
Q

What did Hobbs believe about the state?

A

Social contract gives power to authority

60
Q

Why is Francis Bacon significant?

A

Baconian method for science

61
Q

What important industry was in Norwich?

A

Cloth

62
Q

Name three important members of the gentry?

A

Cromwell, Ireton, Locke, Hobbs, Fairfax

63
Q

When was the Act of Settlement / Poor Relief Act?

A

1662

64
Q

Why was marine insurance important in the 17th century?

A

Allowed for more trade

65
Q

How did the development of London help the economy?

A

Banking and insurance, international trade

66
Q

Name one thing other than tobacco imported from America?

A

Cotton, sugar

67
Q

When were the Navigation Acts?

A

1651 and 1660

68
Q

When was Lloyds of London founded?

A

1688

69
Q

What company operated out of West Africa?

A

Royal African Company

70
Q

Why were the 1630s an important time in settling America for England?

A

Puritans fleeing Laudian persecution

History (4 decks)

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