Building Construction Flashcards
An external force that acts on a structure is call a?
Load
Forces or other actions that result from the weight of all building materials, occupants, and their possessions, environmental effects, differential movement, and restrained dimensional changes.
Loads
The internal forces that resist the load are called _______ or ______.
Stress or strain
_____ is the force per unit area that produces deformation.
Stress
_________ is the actual percentage of elongation that occurs when a material is stressed.
Strain
4 types of forces.
- compression
- tension
- torsion
- shear
______ force squeezes a structural member
Compression
_____ forces stretch a member
Tensile
______ force is a twisting force resulting form application of torque.
Torsional
______ forces occur within. A member when opposing forces pull the member in opposite directions.
Shear
Weight of the building itself and any equipment attached to it or built in.
Dead loads
Fire resistance is closely related to _______.
Mass
Any load other than dead load.
Live load
Accounts for large heavy objects in a building. Heavy loads located at one point in a building. Higher ppsf than a live load requirements.
Concentrated load
Any non-dead load added after construction.
Added live load. Ie. master streams.
Load delivered quickly.
Impact load (jumping onto a roof, impact of a plane)
A load applied slowly and remain constant(a heavy safe)
Static load
Load that is applied intermittently
Repeated load
A force that passes through the center of the section. The load is perpendicular to the plane of the section. Load is applied evenly.
Axial load.
A force that is perpendicular to the plane of the section but does not pass through the center, thus bending the supporting members.
Eccentric load
Represents the potential fuel available to fire and total amount of potential energy(heat) in the fuel.
Fuel load.
Represents the ratio of the strength of the material just before failure to the safe working stress.
Safety factor.
Two materials can be combined to take advantage of the best characteristics of each.
Composite material.
Elements assembled together into a structure are called a _____ ______.
Structural frame.
These transmit forces perpendicular to the reaction points(points of support)
Beams
The load places onto a beam is a _______ load.
Superimposed
______ causes top of beam to shorten(compression) and bottom of beam elongates (tension).
Deflection
Capacity increases by the ______ of its depth.
Square.
Capacity increases only in direct proportion to_____ ____ _____
Increase in width.
7 types of beams
Simple Continuous Fixed Overhanging Bracket Joist Girder
This beam is supported at 2 points near ends.
Simple
This beam is supported at 3 or more points.
Continuous
This type of beam is supported and rigidly fixed at 2 points.
Fixed
This type of beam projects beyond support
Overhanging
This type of beam a diagonal member supports what otherwise would be cantilevered.
Bracket
A beam of wood or steel
Joist
Any beam of any material that supports other beams.
Girder