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Buzzwords Flashcards

1
Q

Stony dull to percuss

A

Pleural Effusion

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2
Q

Right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

most likely pneumonia

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3
Q

Alveolar bat wings, kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion

A

Pulmonary oedema

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4
Q

What are the common identifiers of pulmonary oedema?

A

Alveolar bat wings, kerley B lines, Cardiomegaly, Dilated prominent upper lobe vessels, pleural Effusion

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5
Q

Ground glass appearance on X-ray

A

Pulmonary fibrosis and Respiratory distress syndrome of newborn

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6
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain for acid fast bacilli

A

TB

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7
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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8
Q

Apical disease

A

Most likley secondary TB; apical lesion is called an Assmann focus

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9
Q

What is miliary tuberculosis

A

rash with lesions (miliary). spread of organism into bloodstream. If it spreads via pulmonary artery, miliary dissemination into the lungs occurs. It it is via the pulmonary vein , there is systemic dissemination to the liver/spleen/kidneys

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10
Q

Positive anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies

A

Goodpasture’s syndrome

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11
Q

Chest infection with parrot/pigeon as pet

A

caused by Chlamydophila psittaci

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12
Q

Dry cough and diarrhoea after a holiday abroad, some indication of water spread

A

Legionella pneumophila

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13
Q

Bilateral hilar lymphodenopathy, erythema nordosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

A

Sarcoidosis

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14
Q

What are the indications of sarcoidosis?

A

Bilateral hilar lymphodenopathy, erythema nordosum, granulomas, fatigue, uveitis, weight loss

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15
Q

Tall, thin young man who indulges marijuana

A

Pneumothorax

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16
Q

Bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole (on CT) (signet ring sign)

A

Bronchiectasis

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17
Q

‘D’ sign on X ray

A

Empyema

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18
Q

‘Steeple’ sign on X ray

A

laryngotracheobronchitis/croup

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19
Q

Child with barking cough

A

Croup

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20
Q

Pneumocystis pneumonia/pneumocystis jiroveci

A

HIV (treat with Co-tramoxazole [+- prednisolone if severe]

21
Q

Asthma and nasal polyps and salicylate sensitivity

A

samter’s triad

22
Q

What is Samter’s triad?

A

Asthma and nasal polyps and salicylate sensitivity

23
Q

Alcoholic (danger of aspiration of pneumonia)

A

Klebsiella pnneumoniae

24
Q

Red jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella pneumoniae

25
Q

Mucoid sputum/pet bird

A

Chlamydia psittaci

26
Q

Rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal pneumonia

27
Q

Cannonball metastases (also weight loss and haematuria)

A

primary renal cell carcinoma

28
Q

Morning headache

A

hypercapnia (CO2 retention) or side effect of organic nitrates

29
Q

ACTH secreting lung tumour

A

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

30
Q

PTH secreting lung tumour

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of lung

31
Q

Small cell carcinoma

A

neuroendocrine, highly malignant, may be associated with ectopic endocrine syndromes

32
Q

Increased serum ACE and Ca2+

A

Sarcoid

33
Q

Eggshell calcification at hilar region

A

Silicosis

34
Q

‘heart failure cells’ seen in alveolar spaces

A

Macrophages that have absorbed haemosiderin - found in chronic pulmonary oedema, and associated (severs) left-ventricular heart failure. Also, seen in long-standing pulmonary hypertension

35
Q

Ghon focus

A

An area of infection and caseous necrosis at the periphery of the lung, beneath the pleura - found in TB infection. NOTE: Gohn Focus rupture (rare) through the visceral pleura into the pleural cavity will produce tuberculosis pleurisy

36
Q

Assmann focus

A

Apical lesion of secondary TB infection

37
Q

‘Coin lesions’ fund on chest radiographs

A

a rounded solitary lesion. The common lesions are primary bronchial or lung carcinoma, metastatic tumour (esp. of kidney), bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid tumour, granulomatous inflammation, lung abscess

38
Q

Horner’s syndrome

A

Can occur when there is local spread of cancer to the intrathoracic nodes or a Pancoast’s tumour. Signs include; ptosis (drooping of the eyelid), enophthalmos (sunken eye), miosis (small pupil), and lack of sweating on the ipsilateral (same side as invasion) side of the face. This is due to invasion of the cervical spine.

39
Q

Acute management of asthma

A 
OSHIT MAN
- Oxygen 100% through a non-rebreather mask
- Salbutamol nebulised back to back 
- Hydrocortisone IV or Prednisolone PO
- Ipratropium bromide nebulised hourly
- Theophylline IV or aminophylline IV
magnesium and call an anaesthetist
40
Q

Thumb print sign on head X ray

A

Epiglottis

41
Q

Inspiratory whoop/barking cough

A

Pertussis

42
Q

Snow storm appearance on X ray

A

baritosis, silicosis

43
Q

Management of infective exacerbation of COPD

A

iSOAP

  • ipratropium
  • salbutamol
  • oxygen
  • amoxixillin
  • prednisolone
44
Q

Non-smoker and lung cancer

A

adenocarcinoma (peripheral)

45
Q

Squamous and small cell lung cancers - peripheral or central?

A

central

46
Q

High d-dimers

A

suspect PE but send for CTPA or V/Q scan. Miss-matched V/Q scan suggests PE

47
Q

Low d-dimers

A

Exclude PE

48
Q

Large PE - what do you do?

A

Thrombolysis

49
Q

Small PE - what do you do?

A

Low molecular weight heparin

Resp (4 decks)

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