[C] 1.1 Objective, task and investigation methods of pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of pathology is defined as…

A

Functional and morphological changes in the body during disease

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2
Q

Latin etymology of “Pathology”

A

pathologia - pathos logos

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3
Q

Sciences consisting withing the field of pathology

A

Science of:

  • Disease (nosologia)
  • Defects (defectus)
  • Malformations (vitium)
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4
Q

Diagnostic pathology

A

An autopsy

  • Cause of death - Group or individual
  • Used to explain decreased production
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5
Q

Forensic pathology

A

Autopsy

  • Determines cause of death from a legal perspective
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6
Q

Surgical pathology

A

Histological examination of surgically excised tissue

  • Facilitates diagnosis and prognosis for a living animal
  • Can be used as the basis of therapy
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7
Q

Experimental pathology

A

Investigation technique

  • Correlates morphologic changes with clinical, functional and biochemical parameters
  • Elucidates the mechanisms of disease
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8
Q

Comparative pathology

A

Compares human and animal pathologies

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9
Q

List the methods to recognise/investigate disease

A
  1. Autopsy
  2. Histopathology
  3. Immunohistochemistry
  4. EM investigations
  5. Toxicological, parasitological, bacteriological, virological investigations
  6. Molecular biological investigations
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10
Q

Autopsy

A

sectio cadaveris

  • Dissection of the carcass
  • Use of sensory organs (vision, smell, palpation, hearing)
  • Collect visible changes
  • Photodocumentation
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11
Q

Pathognomic changes

A

Changes in the body which may be/lead to the cause of death

E.g heart infarction, pyonephrosis, gastric torsion

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12
Q

Histopathology

A

Investigation using a light microscope with (FFPE) tissues

  • Hematoxylin and eosin staining
  • Special staining methods
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13
Q

Immunohistochemistry techniques

A
  • In situ hybridisation
  • Immunofluorescence
  • Immunoperoxidase
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14
Q

Molecular biological investigation techniques

A
  • PCR
  • Sequence determination
  • Next generation sequences
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15
Q

Individual and herd diagnosis purpose

A

Infections, parasitoses, toxicoses

  • Epidemic prevention
  • Mass infections
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16
Q

Define pathogenesis

A

How the disease procedes

17
Q

Examples of comparative pathology

A

Zoonotic incidences

  • Tuberculosis
  • Anthrax
  • Foot and mouth
  • Erysipelas
18
Q

Define general pathology

A

Study of the reaction of cells or tissues to injury, focusing on:

  • Circulatory disturbances
  • Regressive changes
  • Proliferative changes
  • Inflammation
  • Tumour
  • Developmental anomalies
19
Q

Define special/systemic pathology

A

Characteristic changes caused by well defined diseases, grouped according to organ systems