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Pathology C topics > [C] 1.63 Granulomas caused by fungi > Flashcards

[C] 1.63 Granulomas caused by fungi Flashcards

1
Q

List the diseases caused by microscopical fungi

A
  • Dermatomycosis
  • Visceral mycosis
    • Primary mycosis of certain organs
    • Metastatic mycosis
    • Generalised mycosis
  • Mycotoxicosis
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2
Q

Give the groups of microscopical fungi causing visceral mycosis

A
  • Blastomyces
  • Hyphomycetes
  • Phycomyces
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3
Q

Blastomyces

A

Yeast fungi

  • Pseudomyces
  • Candida
  • Geotrichum
  • Cryptococcus
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4
Q

Hyphomyces

A

Mould fungi

  • Septa hyphae
  • Penicillium
  • Aspergillus
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5
Q

Phycomycetes

A

Mould fungi

  • Real (non-septa)
  • Hyphae
  • Mucor
  • Rhizopus
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6
Q

Fungal terminology: Non-sexual forms of fungi

A
  • Fungal thread = Hyphae
  • Cross wall = Septum
  • Network of threads = Mycelium
  • Colony of fungi = Thallus
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7
Q

Fungi terminology: Sexual forms of fungi

A
  • Conidium = Spores
  • Vesicula = Bladder structure
  • Germ tube = → Hyphae
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8
Q
A

Grocott-staining: +++

PAS-reaction: ++

Gram-staining: +++ (Candida spp.)

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9
Q
A

Grocott-staining: +++

PAS-reaction: ++

Gram-staining: - (+)

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10
Q
A

Grocott-staining: +++

PAS-reaction: + / -

Gram-staining: -

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11
Q

Changes due to visceral mycosis: In organs

A
  • Granuloma formation
  • Proliferative inflammation
  • Necrotic inflammatory focus
  • Thrombosis, thromboembolia
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12
Q

Changes due to visceral mycosis: On surfaces

A

Covered by mucous membrane

  • Circumscribed necrotic ulcerative inflammation
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13
Q

Mycotic granuloma: In mammals

A

Epitheloid type

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14
Q

Mycotic granuloma: In birds

A

Foreign body type

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15
Q

Endogenous factors predisposing for mycosis

A
  • Reduced immunoreactivity
  • Injury of the mucosa of the GI & resp. tract
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16
Q

Exogenous factors predisposing for mycosis

A
  • Long term antibiotic treatment
  • Cytostatic treatment
  • Corticosteroid treatment
17
Q

Mycotoxicosis

A

Toxic fungal metabolites

  • Several thousand different mycotoxins
  • Mainly mixed fungal contamination
  • Toxins are of different strength
  • Harmful effect of mycotoxins
18
Q

Give the harmful effects of mycotoxins

A

Dose-dependent:

  • Direct organ damage
  • Immunosuppressive effect
  • Production loss
  • Feed spoilage
19
Q

Aflatoxins

A

Aspergillus flavus et parasiticus

  • Hepatotoxicity & carcinogenic
  • Day-old chick most susceptible
  • Swine & Zoonotic
20
Q

Give the lesions of aflatoxins

A
  • Anaemia
  • Fatty liver degeneration
  • Bile duct proliferation
  • Hepatocellular carcinoma
21
Q

Ochratoxins

A

Aspergullus ochraceus

  • Kidney & liver damage
  • Swine & poultry
  • Zoonotic
  • Nephropathy & Gout
  • Chronic toxicosis
22
Q

Ergot alkaloids

A

Claviceps purpurea

  • Affects all species
  • Vasoconstriction
  • Skin necrosis on the extremities
  • Abortion & agalactia (low milk)
23
Q

Zearalenone (F-2 toxin)

A

Fusarium spp.

  • Oestrogen syndrome in swine
  • Lesions are dose/age-dependent
    • Gilts: Tumefaction of the vulva & vaginitis
    • Sows & Gilts: Hormonal imbalance
      • Anestrus
    • Fatteners & Gilts: Rectal prolapse
    • Suckling piglets: Vulvar swelling & teat necrosis
24
Q

Trichotecen fusariotoxins

A

Fusarium spp.

  • May cause problems in any species
  • Necrotic-ulcerative stomatitis
  • Haemorrhagic diathesis
  • BM damage
  • Feed refusal
25
Q

Macrocyclic trichotecens

A

Stachybotris chartarum

  • Barley/straw
    • Black mould
  • Horse, cattle, sheep, swine, poultry
    • Necrotic ulcerative stomatitis
    • Haemorrhagic diathesis
    • BM damage
    • Superficial necrotic dermatitis
26
Q

Fumonisins

A

Fusarium moniliforme - Fumonisin B1

  • Swine
    • Fattens lung oedema
    • Liver dystrophy
  • Horse
    • Leukoencephalomalatia
    • May affect the spinal cord too
    • Liver dystrophy
27
Q

Fungal allergies

A

Inhalation of fungal spores

  • Allergic alveolitis
    • Farmers lung - Human & cattle
    • Type-III hypersensitivity reaction to mould spores
    • Granulomatous inflammation, alveolar epithelial hyperplasia & fibrosis
28
Q

Give the Mycotoxins

A
  1. Aflatoxins
  2. Ochratoxins
  3. Ergot alkaloids
  4. Zearalenone
  5. Trichotecen fusariotoxins
  6. Macrocyclic trichotecens
  7. Fumonisins

Pathology C topics (24 decks)

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