C1 Atomic structure & C2 The periodic table

Question 1

What are all substances made of?

Answer 1

Atoms

Question 2

What is the smallest part of an element that can exist?

Answer 2

Atom

Question 3

What do atoms contain?

Answer 3

• Protons
• Neutrons
• Electrons

Question 4

What is the radius of an atom?

Answer 4

• 0.1 nanometres
• 1 x 10^-10 m

Question 5

Where is the nucleus located?

Answer 5

• In the middle of the atom

Question 6

What does the nucleus contain?

Answer 6

• Protons
• Neutrons

Question 7

What is the radius of a nucleus?

Answer 7

1 x 10^-14 m

Question 8

What charge does a nucleus have & why?

Answer 8

• Positive
• Because of the protons

Question 9

Where is the mass of the atom concentrated?

Answer 9

In the nucleus

Question 10

What are protons?

Answer 10

• Heavy
• Positively charged (+1)

Question 11

What are neutrons?

Answer 11

• Heavy
• Neutral (0)

Question 12

What are electrons?

Answer 12

• Tiny
• Negatively charged (-1)

Question 13

What is the relative mass of a proton?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

What is the relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 14

1

Question 15

What is the relative mass of an electron?

Answer 15

• Very small (0)

Question 16

How do electrons move?

Answer 16

• Around the nucleus in electron shells

Question 17

What is the number of protons equal to?

Answer 17

• Number of electrons

Question 18

What is the charge of an atom?

Answer 18

• Neutral
• No charge at all (unlike ions)

Question 19

What is an ion?

Answer 19

• An atom or group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons

Question 20

Why are atoms neutral?

Answer 20

• Because they have the same number of protons as electrons
• The charge on the electrons is the same size as the charge on the protons, but opposite - so the charges cancel out

Question 21

Why does an ion have an overall charge?

Answer 21

• The number of protons doesn’t equal the number of electrons
• E.g. an ion w/ 2- charge, has two more electrons than protons

Question 22

What does the atomic number tell you?

Answer 22

• Number of protons

Question 23

What does the mass number tell you?

Answer 23

• Total number of protons & neutrons in the atom

Question 24

How do you find the number of neutrons?

Answer 24

• Mass number minus atomic number

Question 25

What is an element?

Answer 25

• A substance made up of atoms that all have the same number of protons in their nucleus

Question 26

What do elements consist of?

Answer 26

• Atoms with the same atomic number

Question 27

What decides the type of atom?

Answer 27

• Atoms can have different numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons
• It’s the number of protons in the nucleus that decides what type of atom it is
• E.g. an atom w/ one proton in its nucleus is hydrogen and an atom w/ two protons is helium

Question 28

How do we know if a substance is an element?

Answer 28

• If it only contains atoms with the same number of protons