C1:ORGANISATION OF PLANT TISSUES AND GROWTH

Question 1

WHAT ARE THE TWO TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES?

Answer 1

1) Meristematic Tissues

2) Permanent Tissues

Question 2

MERISTEMATIC TISSUES CONSIST OF______?

Answer 2

• Apical meristematic tissues

- Lateral meristematic tissues

Question 3

PERMANENT TISSUES CONSIST OF_______?

Answer 3

• Epidermal tissues
• Ground Tissues
• Vascular tissues

Question 4

DESCRIBE PERMANENT TISSUES.

Answer 4

-Matured tissues which experienced or are experiencing differentiation.

-There are three types of permanent tissues, which is : •Epidermal tissues
•Ground tissues
•Vascular tissues

Question 5

DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF EPIDERMAL TISSUES.

Answer 5

• Layer the outermost surface of stems leaves and roots of young plants
• Epidermal cell walls which are exposed to the air have a waxy and waterproof layer called cuticle

Question 6

WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CUTICLE?

Answer 6

• Reduces loss of water through evaporation (transpiration),
• protects the leaf from mechanical injuries and pathogens

Question 7

NAME TWO MODIFIED EPIDERMAL CELLS ACCORDING TO THEIR FUNCTIONS.

Answer 7

GUARD CELL: control the opening of the stoma

ROOT HAIR CELLS:Increase the surface area of the root for water and mineral salts absorption.

Question 8

DESCRIBE THE STRUCTURE OF PARENCHYMA TISSUES.

Answer 8

• Simplest living cells
• Do not undergo differentiation
• Have the thinnest cell wall
• Always in a turgid state

Question 9

WHY PARENCHYMA TISSUES ARE ALWAYS IN TURGID STATE?

Answer 9

• To provide support

- maintain the shape of herbaceous plants

Question 10

PARENCHYMA TISSUES ARE INVOLVED IN THE PROCESS OF________

Answer 10

• Photosynthesis
• storage of starch and sugar
• Gaseous exchange
• Repair and regeneration of plant tissue as well as in the vascular system

Question 11

DESCRIBE COLLENCHYMA TISSUES.

Answer 11

• made of living cells which mature into cells that are flexible
• Cell walls made of pectin and hemicellulose
• Their cell walls are thicker than the parenchyma tissues.

Question 12

State the function of Collenchyma tissues.

Answer 12

-Provide mechanical support and elasticity to plants

Question 13

EXPLAIN THE STRUCTURES OF SCLERENCHYMA TISSUES.

Answer 13

• Consist of dead cells when they are matured

- Their cell walls are the thickest among the three ground tissues

Question 14

STATE THE FUNCTION OF SCLERENCHYMA TISSUES.

Answer 14

• Provide support and mechanical strength to the parts of matured plants.
• Helps in transport of water and nutrients in plants

Question 15

VASCULAR TISSUES CONSIST OF XYLEM AND PHLOEM.COMPARE THE STRUCTURE OF XYLEM AND THE STRUCTURE OF PHLOEM.

Answer 15

XYLEM:
•made up of dead cells without cytoplasm
•cell wall of xylem contains Lignin
•Consists of xylem vessels that are elongated,hollow and connected to each other from its roots to the leaves

PHLOEM:
•made of companion cells and sieve tubes
•made of living cells (sieve tubes) with presence of cytoplasm
-Sieve tubes arranged from end to end forming elongated and continous tube structures

Question 16

COMPARE THE FUNCTION OF XYKEM AND PHLOEM.

Answer 16

• Xylem transport water and mineral salt to all parts of plants
• Phloem transport sugars produced from the photosynthesis from leaves to storage organs

Question 17

THE SIEVE TUBES OF PHLOEM DO NOT HAVE ________ SUCH AS _______ AND_________ AS THEY ________ AT MATURITY STAGE. FILL IN THE BLANK.

Answer 17

• Organelles
• nucleus
• ribosome
• decompose

Question 18

HOW IS THE STRUCTURE OF CYLEM ADAPTED TO ITS FUNCTION?

Answer 18

-Xylem consists of xylem vessels that are elongated, hollow and connected to each other from its roots to the leaves

Question 19

THERE ARE UNDIFFERENTIATED LIVING TISSUES IN PLANTS WHICH ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR PLANT GROWTH.THESE TISSUES ARE KNOWN AS ________________.

Answer 19

-meristematic tissues

Question 20

MERISTEMATIC TISSUES ARE ACTIVELY DIVIDING BY____________.

Answer 20

Mitosis

Question 21

WHERE IS THE APICAL MERISTEM TISSUES LOCATED AT?

Answer 21

-the tips of plant shoots and roots

Question 22

LATERAL MERISTEMS CONSIST OF______ AND _________.

Answer 22

• Vascular cambium

- Cork cambium

Question 23

WHAT ARE THE THREE ZONES OF CELL GROWTH?

Answer 23

• Cell division
• cell elongation
• cell differentiation

Question 24

THE GROWTH THAT HAPPENS IN THESE ZONES IS THE _________ FOR PLANTS.

Answer 24

Primary growth

Question 25

WHERE DOES THE CELL DIVISION STARTED?

Answer 25

At the apical meristems which consist of actively dividing meristem cells through mitosis

Question 26

IN THE ZONE OF CELL DIVISION, THE INCREASE OF THE NUMBER OF CELLS CAUSES______________.

Answer 26

The elongation of plant stem

Question 27

STILL BASED ON CELL DIVISION, WHEN NEW CELLS ARE FORMING, THE CELLS FORMED PREVIOUSLY ARE _________.

Answer 27

pushed to zone of cell elongation

Question 28

THE ZONE OF CELL ELONGATION CONSISTS OF____________.

Answer 28

Cells that are increasing in size

Question 29

HOW DOES THE INCREASE IN SIZE HAPPENS? (CELL ELONGATION)

Answer 29

-Through water diffusion by osmosis and absorption of nutrients into the cells and stored in the vacuoles

Question 30

DEFINE VACUOLATION.

Answer 30

Process where small vacuoles fuse to form a large vacuole.

Question 31

AT THE ZONE OF CELL ELONGATION, THE DIFFUSED WATER EXERTS____________ AGAINST THE CELL WALL WHICH __________

Answer 31

• pressure

* pushes, elongates and widens the cell

Question 32

THE ZONE OF CELL DIFFERENTIATION CONSISTS OF DIFFERENTIATING CELLS THAT DIFFERENTIATE ONCE THEY HAVE REACHED THEIR ___________

Answer 32

Maximum size

Question 33

CELLS DIFFERENTIATE TO FORM________

Answer 33

Permanent tissues such as epidermis, cortex, xylem and phloem.

Question 34

AT ZONE OF DIFFERENTIATION, THE CELLS CHANGE THEIR ________ AND ________TO BECOME SPECIALISED CELLS WITH SPECIFIC FUNCTIONS

Answer 34

FOR EXAMPLE: epidermal cells differentiate—->guard cells that control opening and closing of stoma.

• shape
• structures

Epidermal cells in roots differentiate——->Root Hair Cells

Question 35

NAME TWO TYPES OF GROWTH IN PLANTS.

Answer 35

PRIMARY GROWTH AND SECONDARY GEOWTH.