C10 -> nerurons

Question 1

neuron

Answer 1

basic structural and function of nervous system

Question 2

neurological

Answer 2

major supporting of nerons

Question 3

how many cranial and spinal nerves

Answer 3

cranial -> 12 pairs
spinal -> 31 pairs

Question 4

astrocytes

Answer 4

star-shaped
processes of end feet
highly branched cytoplasmic
scaffold of the CNS and capillaries control the blood-brain barrier
form glial scars on injury, synaptic support, homeostasis in CNS (ions)

Question 5

ependymal cells

Answer 5

line the ventricle of the brain + canal of the spinal cord
ciliated/non-ciliated
simple squamous and cuboidal
cilia circulate CSF
production and regulation of CSF
protection and transport of hormones

Question 5

microgilia cells

Question 6

oligodendrocytes

Answer 6

cytoplasmic extension
wraps around the axon forming the myelin sheath
each cell encloses multiple axon
insulation of axon in CNS

Question 7

Schwann cells

Answer 7

cytoplasmic extensions
wraps around the axon forming myelin sheath
each cell forms part of the myelin sheath
insulation for axons in PNS and used for saltatory conduction of action potential

Question 8

satellite cells

Answer 8

surround neuron cell bodies in the sensory and autonomic ganglia
provides support and nutrients in cell bodies
protect neurons from heavy metal poisons

Question 9

myelinated axon

Answer 9

faster action potential generated
has myelin sheath
Schwann cells (PNS) or oligodendrocytes (CNS) wrap around the axon
saltatory condition = jumping from one node of ranvier to another

Question 9

white matter

Answer 9

consists of myelinated axons
located on the periphery of the spinal cord and inner section of the brain
white is due to myelin sheath

Question 10

grey matter

Answer 10

consists of dendrites, unmyelinated axons, glial cells, ganglion, axon terminal, synapse
located on the periphery of the cerebrum, cerebellum, brainstem, diencephalon
located in the middle of the spinal cord (column)

Question 11

action potential process

Answer 11

resting membrane potential, deoplatistaion, repolarisation, hyper polarisation and resting membrane

Question 12

ion concentrations for inside

Answer 12

higher concentration of Na and Cl

Question 12

ion concentrations for outside

Answer 12

lower concentration of K and PO4, proteins

Question 12

what are non-ion gated

Answer 12

leak channels, ion-specific
has more of K and Cl than Na

Question 13

what are gated channels

Answer 13

require signals to open, ion-specific
ligand-gated, voltage-gated and ion channel

Question 13

resting membrane potential

Answer 13

rests at -70mv
all gated channels are closed
K+ leak channels open allowing movement of K+ outside the cell
therefore making it negative inside the cell

Question 13

depolarisation

Answer 13

K+ voltage-gated channels close
Na+ voltage-gated channels open, causing an influx of Na+ ions inside the cell
making the cell become more positive

Question 13

repolarisation

Answer 13

Na+ voltage-gated channels close, and the K= channels open
causing an influx of K+ ions inside the cell
therefore making the inside become more negative and the outside more positive

Question 13

hyperpolarisation

Answer 13

the inside of the cell becomes a lot more negative
causing the Na and K pump to work on restoring the resting membrane potential