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Chemistry > C2 Metals > Flashcards

C2 Metals Flashcards

1
Q

what is a displacement reaction

A

a displacement reaction is one where a more reactive metal will displace a less reactive metal from its compound
eg magnesium +copper sulphate -> magnesium sulphate+copper

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2
Q

what is oxidation

A

gain of oxygen

loss of electrons

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3
Q

what is reduction

A

loss of oxygen

gain of electrons

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4
Q

what is oxidising agent

A

the thing that the oxygen is reduced from

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5
Q

what is a reducing agent

A

the thing that gets oxidised

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6
Q

what is a redox reaction

A

a reaction that involes oxidation and reduction

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7
Q

ovbservations and word equation of potassium and water

A

fizzes
moves
ignites with a lilac flame
potassium +water ->potassium hydroxide + hydrogen

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8
Q

observation and word equation of lithium and water

A

fizzes
moves around surface
lithium + water -> lithium hydroxide + hydrogen

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9
Q

observation and word equation of calcium and water

A

bubbles

calcium +water -> calcium hydroxide + hydrogen

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10
Q

observation and word equation and of iron and acid

A

bubbles go towards surface

iron +hydrochloric acid -> iron chloride + hydrogen

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11
Q

observation and word equation of magnesium and acid

A 
lots of bubbles
heat energy released
dissolves
loud pop
magnesium + hydrochloric acid -> magnesium chloride + hydrogen
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12
Q

observation and word equation of zinc and acid

A

very few bubbles

zinc + hydrochloric acid -> zinc chloride + hydrogen

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13
Q

name the 4 metals that can be tarnished in a metal oxide on surface but doesnt burn

A

lead
copper
mercury
silver

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14
Q

name the 2 metals that do not react with oxygen

A

gold

platinium

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15
Q

what type of reaction is rusting

A

oxidation reaction

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16
Q

what 2 things need to be present for iron to rust

A

oxygen and water

17
Q

what happens to iron when it rusts

A

Fe is oxidised to Fe^3+

turns a reddish brown

18
Q

what is rusting

A

the corrosion of iron and steel

19
Q

3 ways of preventing rust and explain why

A

Paint - PHYSICAL BARRIER good for cars stops working if scratched
Galvanising - iron is coated with a more reactive metal like zinc by electrolysis. zinc reacts w/ oxygen -> zinc oxide a layer which stops oxygen or water getting to iron below. If scratched more zinc oxide is generated
Sacrificial Protection - blocks of more reactive metal stuck to iron to slow reaction w/ water. water reacts w/ zinc in preference therefore slowing down corrosion

20
Q

where are most metals found

A

as ores

21
Q

what is an ore

A

rocks which contain a metal which are economically worthwhile to extract

22
Q

how are metals that are less reactive than carbon extracted

A

by reduction
e.g. iron oxide + carbon –> carbon dioxide + iron
carbon -> reducing agent
oxygen -> oxidation agent

23
Q

how are metals that are more reactive than carbon extracted

A

electrolysis of molten compounds

these metals are more expensive - require large amount of energy

24
Q

name the 3 raw materials needed to extract iron w/ the blast furnace

A

iron ore - haematite - Fe2O3 - iroon (III) oxide - fe^3+
coke - carbon - c
limestone - calcium carbonate - CaCO3

25
Q

what happens in the blast furnace

A
  • coke burns with ocygen in the air -> carbon dioxide (C(s) + O2(g) -> CO2(g)
  • due to high temp carbon dioxide is reduced by carbon -> carbon monoxide ( CO2(g) + C(s) -> 2CO(g)
  • carbon monoxide is main reducing agent - reduces iron oxide to iron (3CO(g) + 3C(s) -> 2 Fe (l) + 3CO2(g)
  • in otter parts of the furnace some of the iron oxide is reduced by carbon. (Fe2O3 + 3C(s) -> 2Fe(l) + 3CO2(g)
  • the high temp means limestone breaks down -> thermal decomposition (CaCO3(s) -> CaO(s) + CO2(g)
  • the calcium oxide reacts with the impurities such as silicon dioxide to form calcium silicate / slag. which floats on top molten iron and can be tapped of seperatly ( CaO(s) + SiO2(s) -> CaSiO3 (l)
26
Q

name the 4 products in the blast furnace

A

slag
cast iron
wrought iron
steel

27
Q

what is slag used for

A

building material

28
Q

what is cast iron used for

A

very hard but brittle
tends to shatter
used for manhole covers guttering and drain pipes

29
Q

define exothermic

A

a reaction that gives out heat to its surroundings

30
Q

what is thermal decomposition

A

breaking down of a substance using heat

31
Q

what is the main reducing agent in the blast furnace

A

carbon monoxide

Chemistry (5 decks)

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