C3-chemicals of the natural environment

Question 1

why do metals conduct electricity well?

Answer 1

because electrons can move through the structure freely.

Question 2

what is bioleaching?

Answer 2

using bacteria to extract metals.

Question 3

what is phytoextraction?

Answer 3

uses plants to take metal ions from soils or mining waste.

Question 4

what does a metal and acid make?

Answer 4

a metal salt and hydrogen.

Question 5

what’s a cathode?

Answer 5

-a negative electrode.
-attracts positives.

Question 6

what’s an anode?

Answer 6

-positive electrode.
-attracts negatives.

Question 7

alkanes

Answer 7

-CnH2n+2
-all have single bonds C-C.
-hydrocarbons.
-methane,ethane,propane,butane.

Question 8

what is cracking?

Answer 8

-the splitting up of long chain hydrocarbons using heat.
-makes shorter alkane and alkene
e.g decane -> octane + ethene

Question 9

alkenes.

Answer 9

-CnH2n
-contains a double bond C=C.
-ethene, propene, butene, pentene
-larger one have higher bpts and are less flammable and have stronger intermolecular forces between them.

Question 10

give an example of a combustion reaction.

Answer 10

-alkene + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water.
-complete combustion produces CO2, incomplete combustion produces CO.

Question 11

what are alcohols?

Answer 11

-homologous series.
-CnH(2n+1)OH
-higher boiling point.
-can be oxidised to make carboxylic acids.
-methanol,ethanol,propanol etc.

Question 12

carboxylic acids.

Answer 12

-CnH2n+1COOH
-methanoic acid - HCOOH
-ethanoic acid - CH3COOH