C6 -> cardiac pt 2

Question 1

how does blood move (pressure)

Answer 1

blood moves from higher to lower pressure

Question 2

cardiac cycle

Answer 2

repetitive contraction and relaxation of heart chambers
- moving blood through the heart and body

Question 3

what is blood flow proportional to

Answer 3

metabolic needs of tissue

Question 4

equation of cardiac cycle

Answer 4

heart x stroke volume

Question 5

erythrocytes

Answer 5

red blood cells
- non-nucleated
- no organelles
- biconcave disk shape
- contains haemoglobin
- pigmented protein

function:
- carries oxygen (lungs to tissues)
- carries carbon dioxide (tissues to lungs)

Question 6

leukocytes

Answer 6

white blood cells
- complete cell (nucleus and organelles)

various type
- lymp[hocytesd and neutropills

main for protection
- (immresponse + phagocytes)

Question 7

arteries

Answer 7

taking blood away from the hear
has blood that’s under pressure
elastic, muscular and arterioles

Question 8

capillaries

Answer 8

smallest blood vessel and the most common
site for gas and nutrient exchange across the walls of capillaries

Question 9

veins

Answer 9

taking blood towards the heart
blood not under pressure
thinner walls than arteries (less elastic and smooth muscle)

Question 10

vasoconstriction

Answer 10

smooth muscle narrows, decreasing blood flow

Question 11

vasodilation

Answer 11

smooth muscle widen, increasing blood flow

Question 12

arteries properties

Answer 12

carries blood away from the heart towards tissue
- oxygenated and deoxygenated
no valves
thick walls
round lumen, fixed shape
carries blood under high pressure
located deep in the muscles

Question 13

vein properties

Answer 13

carries blood towards the heart from tissues
- oxygenated and deoxygenated
has values to prevent the backflow of blood
thinner walls than arteries
flat lumen looks collapsed
carries blood under low-pressure
located closer to the skin surface of the body

Question 14

capillaries (properties)

Answer 14

basement membrane
delicate layer of loose connective tissue
simple squamous epithelium
capillary walls are made of endothelial cells

Question 15

types and properties of capillaries (3)

Answer 15

continuous:
no gaps between endothelial cells
less permeable to larger particles

fenestrated:
has pores in endothelial cells -> fenestrate
highly permeable

sinusoidal:
large diameter
irregular, incomplete wall of endothelial cells
less basement membrane

Question 16

main exchange/transport

Answer 16

diffusion

Question 17

capillary exchange diffusion

Answer 17

moving substance in and out of the capillary
moving from high concentration to low

Question 18

water-soluble

Answer 18

diffusing through intercellular space or fenestrations of capillary

Question 19

lipid soluble

Answer 19

diffuse through the plasma membrane of endothelial cells

Question 20

movement of fluid capillaries (lymph)

Answer 20

fluid moves out of capillaries into interstitial space and returns to capillaries
fluid in tissues is picked up by lymphatic capillaries and returns to venous circulation

Question 21

edema

Answer 21

swelling caused by excess fluid accommodation in body tissue

Question 22

leaky blood

Answer 22

proteins leaking into intestinal fluid
increasing in osmotic pressure outside the capillary
drawing more fluid from capillaries into interstitial fluid

Question 23

when blood is separated it has…

Answer 23

more plasma (proteins, water, other solutes) and some red blood cells

Question 24

tunica media

Answer 24

smooth muscle cells and elastin elastin arragned circularly