C6-making useful chemicals

Question 1

acid + metal

Answer 1

salt + hydrogen

Question 2

acid + metal oxide

Answer 2

salt + water

Question 3

acid + metal carbonate

Answer 3

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Question 4

what is the ph of a solution?

Answer 4

a measure of the concentration of the hydrogen in that solution.

Question 5

what do weak acids produce?

Answer 5

-hydrogen ions to lesser extent when dissolved in water
-ethanoic, carboxylic acids

Question 6

what does the concentration refer to?

Answer 6

-amount of substance in moles in a given volume.
0-1
1-0.1
2-0.01
3-0.001
etc.

Question 7

factors that affect the rate of chemical reactions.

Answer 7

-concentration
-surface area
-temperature
-pressure
-catalysts

Question 8

what is the collision theory?

Answer 8

when molecules collide, some bonds break while new bonds form, creating new molecules.

Question 9

what are biocatalysts?

Answer 9

-enzymes produced by microorganisms (green chemistry)
-energy demand is lower

Question 10

how can u produce ethanol?

Answer 10

-fermentation
-biotechnology
-chemical synthesis

Question 11

how to work out the average rate of reaction?

Answer 11

volume of hydrogen produced
———————————————
time

Question 12

what does is mean if a reversible reaction is at an equilibrium?

Answer 12

neither the forward nor the backward reaction is complete.

Question 13

what is dynamic equilibrium?

Answer 13

when both forward and backward reactions continue, but there’s no overall change because it’s loosing and gaining at the same rate.

Question 14

what is the le chateliers principle?

Answer 14

when the conditions change, an equilibrium mixture of chemicals responds in a way that tends to counteract change.

Question 15

what is the haber process?

Answer 15

-ammonia produced on an industrial scale by the reaction of nitrogen and hydrogen gas.
-pressure between 150-300
-temperature between 400-450
-an iron catalyst

Question 16

what are the essential plant nutrient elements?

Answer 16

-nitrogen, protein in leaves and stalks.
-phosphorus, speeds up growth of roots & ripens fruit.
-potassium, protects plants against disease.

Question 17

what are organ fertilisers made from?

Answer 17

rotting and decaying organic matter like plants and animals.

Question 18

what are inorganic fertilisers made from?

Answer 18

naturally occurring minerals, better.

Question 19

why are synthetic fertilisers used?

Answer 19

-natural fertilisers aren’t available in large enough quantities to meet demand
-exact composition of ^ varies making land management difficult.
-^ are difficult to transport.

Question 20

what is eutrophication?

Answer 20

increase growth of algae and excessive weed growth, whip kills living organisms.

Question 21

factors to consider in the haber process.

Answer 21

-rate of reaction.
-position of equilibrium.
-sourcing of raw materials.

Question 22

ways to produce ammonium sulfate (fertiliser)

Answer 22

-reacting anhydrous ammonia + sulfuric acid.
-by the product of the production of caprolactam.

Question 23

how to work out the atom of economy?

Answer 23

-measure of efficiency.
-mass of atoms in the useful product
————————————————x100
mass of atoms in the reactants