C8 -> cardiac

Question 1

Cardiovascular system: what does it transport

Answer 1

gases, nutrients, metabolic wastes, regulatory molecules and processed molecules

Question 2

Cardiovascular system: what does it protect

Answer 2

inflammation, phagocytes, antibodies, and platelets for clotting

Question 3

Cardiovascular system: what is it regulating

Answer 3

fluid balance, pH, body temperature, blood pressure, exchange between blood, extracellular fluid and cells

Question 4

Heart: function?

Answer 4

pump -> generates pressure in blood
routes bloos -> seepterat pulmonary adn systemic circulation
ONE way flow
regulate blood supply

Question 5

Heart: protection?

Answer 5

ribcage, protective membrane and fluids

Question 6

heart location: cavity?

Answer 6

thoracic cavity, obliquely in mediastinum

Question 7

what is heart medial to and superior to?

Answer 7

medial to both kidneys
superior to diaphgram

Question 8

shape of the heart, top part?

Answer 8

blunt cone with round end (apex)
anteriorly and inferiorly pointed above the diaphragm

Question 9

shape of heart, bottom part?

Answer 9

the broader end is bas
posteriorly and slightly superiorly

Question 10

what are the functions of the 2 pericardium

Answer 10

fibrous -> tough fibrous outer layer preventing over distention
serious -> thin, transparent, inner layer, simple squamous

Question 11

where is pericardial fat?

Answer 11

between visceral and parietal pericardium

Question 12

where is epicardial fat

Answer 12

between the outer layer of the myocardium and visceral layer

Question 13

what are the superior chambers?

Answer 13

atria

Question 14

what are the inferior chambers?

Answer 14

ventricles

Question 15

what are the three layers in the wall of the heart?

Answer 15

1. epicardium
2. myocardium
3. endocardium

Question 16

epicardium function?

Answer 16

serous membrane
simple squamous epithelium over areolar tissue
the smooth outer surface of the heart

Question 17

myocardium function?

Answer 17

middle layer
thickest
composted of cardiac muscle cells
helping with contractability

Question 18

endocardium function?

Answer 18

simple squamous epithelium over alveolar tissue

Question 19

interventricular septum

Answer 19

separating between 2 vesicles

Question 20

inter artial septum

Answer 20

wall between atria
depression fossa ovalis
remnant of the fatal opening between atria

Question 21

pectinate muscles

Answer 21

muscular ridges in auricles and atrial wall

Question 22

trabeculae carnae

Answer 22

muscular ridges and columns on inside walls of ventricles

Question 23

what are the 4 main chambers

Answer 23

right atrium
right ventricle
left atrium
left ventricle

Question 24

function and location of the right atrium

Answer 24

thin-walled receiving chamber, posterior side
auricles are extensions that increase the volume
containing pectinate muscles for a large force of contraction

Question 25

what does the right atrium receive and what openings?

Answer 25

deoxygenated blood returning from body though 3 openings (superior, inferior vena cava, coronary sinus)

Question 26

function and location of the right ventricle

Answer 26

pumping chambers on the anterior side
thick-walled than atria

Question 27

what does the right ventricle receive and what openings?

Answer 27

receiving deoxygenated blood from the right atrium, opening the pulmonary truck containing trabeculae carnage

Question 28

function and location of the left atrium

Answer 28

thin-walled receiving chamber
auricles extensions increasing volume
pectinate muscle for a large force of contractions
receiving oxygenated blood from lungs through 4 pulmonary veins

Question 29

function and location of the left ventricle

Answer 29

thickest wall
opening the aorta, containing the trabeculae carneae

Question 30

into right atrium

Answer 30

superior and inferior vena cava -> systemic circulation
coronary sinus -> coronary circulation (deoxygenated)

Question 31

outright ventricle

Answer 31

by the pulmonary trunk to the pulmonary circulation (deoxygenated)

Question 32

into left atrium

Answer 32

left and right pulmonary veins from the pulmonary circulation (oxygenated)

Question 33

out left ventricle

Answer 33

by aorta to systematic circulation (oxygenated)

Question 34

atrioventricular valve

Answer 34

between atria and ventricle with leaf cusps

Question 35

chordate tender

Answer 35

cusps attached to papillary muscle by tendons

Question 36

atrioventricular valve

Answer 36

opens the valve and has a canal

Question 37

semilunar valve

Answer 37

at the base of large vessels/ exit of ventricles and cup-shaped

Question 38

when cups are filled … (valve)

Answer 38

valves close to prevent backflow

Question 39

when cups are empty … (valve)

Answer 39

valves open to allow blood to exit the heart

Question 40

valves function

Answer 40

prevent backflow of blood

Question 41

chordae tendiee

Answer 41

opening and closing the atrioventricular valve

Question 42

papillary muscle

Answer 42

small cone-shaped muscle acting to close and open atrioventricular valve

Question 43

order of the chambers

Answer 43

1. superior vena cava and inferior vena cava
2. right atrium
3. tricuspid valve
4. right ventricle
5. pulmonary semilunar valve
6. pulmonary trunk
7. pulmonary arteries
8. pulmonary veins
9. left atrium
10. left bicuspid valve
11. left ventricle
12. aortic semilunar valve
13. systematic circulation

Question 44

pulmonary circulation

Answer 44

The system of blood vessels carrying blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs and back to the left atrium

Question 45

systematic circulation

Answer 45

The system of blood vessels carying blood from the left ventricle of thew heart to the tissues and back to the heart via the right atrium