C9 -> kindey

Question 1

gross anatomy (4 parts)

Answer 1

kidney -> formation of urine
ureter -> passage of urine
bladder -> storing urine
urethra -> passage of urine

Question 2

measurements

Answer 2

11cm long, 5 cm wide, 130g

Question 3

renal capsule

Answer 3

the connective tissue surrounding the kidney

Question 4

adipose tissue

Answer 4

surrounding outside of the capsule for protection

Question 5

renal fascia

Answer 5

thin layer of connective tissue surrounding adipose tissue
- anchor the kidney to the abdominal wall

Question 6

hilium

Answer 6

located on the concave side of the kidney
helps open up renal sinus with contain fat and loose connective tissue

Question 7

renal cortex

Answer 7

base project of the pyramid
cone shaped
base boundary between the cortex and medulla

Question 8

renal columns

Answer 8

extensions of the cortical tissue into the medulla

Question 9

outside and inside of the kidney

Answer 9

outside -> cortex
inside -> medulla

Question 10

where does papilla extend to

Answer 10

the minor calyces -> funnel-shaped chambers

Question 11

renal pelvis

Answer 11

single-layer funnel-shaped chamber embedded into the renal sinus
at hilium it narrows becoming ureter

Question 12

order of renal

Answer 12

nephron
papillary muscles
minor calyces
major calyces
renal pelvis
ureter

Question 13

nephron order

Answer 13

nephron
papillary muscle
minor calyces
major calyces
renal pelvis
ureter

Question 14

juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 14

longest loop of Henle
18% of the nephron

Question 15

cortical nephron

Answer 15

shortest loop of henle
85% of the nephron

Question 16

parts of nephron

Answer 16

renal corpuscle
proximal convulated tubule
distal convolualted tubule

Question 17

podocytes

Answer 17

wraps around the glomerular capillaries

Question 18

What the filtration membrane composed of

Answer 18

filtration slits, basement membrane, fenestrate

Question 19

basement membrane

Answer 19

in between endothelial cells of podocytes and glomerulus

Question 20

filtration slits

Answer 20

gaps between the cell process of podocytes

Question 21

fenestrate

Answer 21

glomerular capillaries which are highly permeable (little window)

Question 22

proximal convulated tubule histology

Answer 22

simple cuboidal epithelium
reabsorption of K, Na and Cl ions
many microvilli

Question 23

loops of henle

Answer 23

thickest areas: simple cuboidal epithelium
thin areas: simple squamous epithelium
osmosis and diffusion

Question 24

distal convoluted tubule

Answer 24

simple cuboidal epithelium
very few microvilli
multiple mitochondrial
active reabsorption

Question 25

collecting duct

Answer 25

simple cuboidal epithelium
several distal convoluted tubule connecting to the collecting duct

Question 26

what muscle moves urine out

Answer 26

smooth muscle pushes urine through ureters via peristalsis

Question 27

what lines ureters

Answer 27

transitional epithelium

Question 28

urinary bladder

Answer 28

hollow with trigone which is in between ureters and urethra

Question 29

urethra

Answer 29

transports urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body
top = transitional epithelium
rest = stratified squamous

Question 30

internal urinary sphincter

Answer 30

junction between the urinary bladder and urethra
smooth muscle
elastic connective tissue
prevents urine from leaking

Question 31

external urinary sphincter

Answer 31

skeletal muscle surrounding urethra
exceeding through pelvic floor
voluntary start and stop of urine flow