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Endocrine > Calcium and phosphate homeostasis > Flashcards

Calcium and phosphate homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

How much calcium would there be in a 70Kg mammal?

A

1Kg

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2
Q

Do you find the greatest conc of free calcium extracellular or intracellular?

A

Extracellular

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3
Q

What is the regulation of calcium and phosphate linked to?

A

Concentration of free calcium ions in plasma

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4
Q

What are the 3 ways calcium homeostasis occurs?

A
  • intestinal absorption
  • renal excretion
  • release and uptake from bone
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5
Q

How are vitamin D2 and D3 produced?

A 
D2 = by plants
D3 = by the action of UV light
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6
Q

How are vitamins D2 and D3 biologically activated?

A

Hydroxylated

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7
Q

Where does the 1st and 2nd hydroxylation of vitamin D occur?

A 
1st = liver
2nd = kidney
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8
Q

What is the overall function of calcitriol?

A

Increase the concentration of calcium in blood plasma

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9
Q

Is calcitriol lipid or water soluble?

A

Lipid

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10
Q

What is the role of parathyroid hormone in regulating calcitriol?

A

Promotes the activating enzyme

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11
Q

What is the overall function of parathyroid hormone?

A

Increase the conc of calcium in blood plasma

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12
Q

What are the 3 ways that PTH increases blood calcium?

A
  1. Increases absorption of Ca2+ from the GI tract
  2. Increases mobilisation of calcium from bone
  3. Decreases urinary excretion of calcium
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13
Q

What is the 3rd hormone produced in the thyroid gland?

A

Calcitonin made by c-cells

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14
Q

What is the function of calcitonin?

A

Secreted in response to an increase in free calcium, the overall effect is to decrease the conc of free calcium

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15
Q

How much phosphate would there be in a normal 70Kg mammal?

A

500-800g

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16
Q

How is regulation of phosphate different to the regulation of calcium?

A

The regulation of calcium largely depends on differential absorption of calcium from the small intestine.
The regulation of phosphate largely depends on urinary excretion

17
Q

How does PTH affect urinary excretion of calcium and phosphate?

A

PTH decreases urinary excretion of calcium and increases urinary excretion of phosphate

18
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion of PTH?

A

Decreased calcium conc

19
Q

What is the stimulus for secretion of calcitriol?

A

Decreased calcium conc and increased PTH

20
Q

Where would individuals need increased calcium and phosphate?

A
  • young, growing animals
  • females: lactation and pregnancy
  • egg laying hens

Endocrine (4 decks)

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