Cancer Care Flashcards
1
Q
Cyclophosphamide
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Alkylating agents
- Causes cross-linking in DNA
- Haemorrhagic cystitis, myelosuppression, transitional cell carcinoma
2
Q
Bleomycin
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Cytotoxic antibiotics
- Degrades preformed DNA
- Lung fibrosis
3
Q
Anthracyclines (e.g doxorubicin)
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
Cytotoxic antibiotics
Stabilizes DNA-topoisomerase II complex inhibits DNA & RNA synthesis
Cardiomyopathy
4
Q
Methotrexate
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Antimetabolites
- Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase and thymidylate synthesis
- Myelosuppression, mucositis, liver fibrosis, lung fibrosis
5
Q
Fluorouracil (5-FU)
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Antimetabolites
- Pyrimidine analogue inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis by blocking thymidylate synthase (works during S phase)
- Myelosuppression, mucositis, dermatitis
6
Q
6-mercaptopurine
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Antimetabolites
- Purine analogue that is activated by HGPRTase, decreasing purine synthesis
- Myelosuppression
7
Q
Cytarabine
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Antimetabolites
- Pyrimidine antagonist. Interferes with DNA synthesis specifically at the S-phase of the cell cycle and inhibits DNA polymerase
- Myelosuppression, ataxia
8
Q
Vincristine, vinblastine
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Acts on microtubules
- Inhibits formation of microtubules
- Vincristine: Peripheral neuropathy (reversible) , paralytic ileus
- Vinblastine: myelosuppression
9
Q
Docetaxel
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Acts on microtubules
- Prevents microtubule depolymerisation & disassembly, decreasing free tubulin
- Neutropaenia
10
Q
Irinotecan
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Topoisomerase Inhibitors
- Inhibits topoisomerase I which prevents relaxation of supercoiled DNA
- Myelosuppression
11
Q
Cisplatin
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Other cytotoxic drugs
- Causes cross-linking in DNA
- Ototoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, hypomagnesaemia
12
Q
Hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide)
- Class
- MoA
- Adverse effects
A
- Other cytotoxic drugs
- Inhibits ribonucleotide reductase, decreasing DNA synthesis
- Myelosuppression
13
Q
Chronic myeloid leukaemia - Philadelphia chromosome
A
Translocation between long arm of chromosome 9 and 22
t(9:22)(q34; q11).
Results in BCR-ABL gene, a fusion protein that has tyrosine kinase activity in excess of normal
14
Q
Chronic myeloid leukaemia first line
A
Imatinib (tyrosine kinase inhibitor)
15
Q
coeliac disease blood film findings
A
Target cells and Howell-Jolly bodies → hyposplenism
HJB = remnants of nuclear DNA inside RBC)
