Carbohydrates

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

include sugars and the polymers of
sugars

Question 2

Simplest carbohydrates

Answer 2

monosaccharides, simple sugars

Question 3

Disaccharides

Answer 3

double sugars – two
monosaccharides joined together by condensation

Question 4

Polysaccharides

Answer 4

Carbohydrate macromolecules are polysaccharides, polymers composed of many sugar-building blocks

Question 5

Simple sugars serve as

Answer 5

major fuel for cellular work as well as their carbon skeleton serves as raw material for the synthesis of other types of small organic molecules

Question 6

How do two monosaccharides join together?

Answer 6

join with a glycosidic linkage to form a disaccharide via dehydration.

Question 8

Storage Polysaccharides

Answer 8

• Starch, a storage
  polysaccharide of plants,
  consists entirely of glucose
  monomers
• Plants store surplus starch
  as granules within
  chloroplasts and other
  plastids

Question 9

Glycogen

Answer 9

Glycogen is a storage
polysaccharide in animals
* Humans and other
vertebrates store glycogen
mainly in the liver and muscle
cells

Question 10

Structural polysaccharides

Answer 10

Organisms build strong structures of polysaccharides such as cellulose which is a major component of the walls that enclose a plant cellCellulose molecules are straight with starch having a 3D shape. Some of Celluloses hydroxyl groups are free to bond with hydrogen bonds with other hydroxyl groups and in this way, cellulose molecules are held together called microfibrils. Cellulose DOES NOT BRANCH= provides strength to parts of plants Note: enzymes that hydrolyze the linkages of starch cannot do the same to the linkage of cellulose because of the difference in shapes

Question 11

Chitin

Answer 11

Another important polysaccharide is CHITIN, a carbohydrate used by arthropods to build their exoskeleton Exoskeleton: a hard case that surrounds the soft parts of an anima