Carbohydrates

Question 1

How many calories are in 1g of carbohydrates?

Answer 1

4 calories

Question 2

What is the role of carbohydrates in the body?

Answer 2

They are used at an energy source, and as a source of fibre

Question 3

What are the sources of fibre?

Answer 3

Grains, fruits, vegetables, starches, and sugars

Question 4

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen

Question 5

What is the definition of nutrition?

Answer 5

It is the science of foods and nutrients and other substances they contain, and of their actions, within the body

Question 6

What is the definition of Diet?

Answer 6

The foods and beverages a person eats and drinks.

Question 7

What is the definition of foods?

Answer 7

Products that are made from plant and animals that are taken into the body to create energy and nutrients to keep you alive and for the growth and repair of tissues

Question 8

What is the basic chemical structure of carbohydrates?

Answer 8

Simple sugars are called monosaccharides, double sugars are called disaccharides, and long chains of sugars are called polysaccharides

Question 9

What are examples of monosaccharides?

Answer 9

Fructose, glucose, and galactose

Question 10

What are examples of disaccharides

Answer 10

Sucrose, maltose, and lactose

Question 11

What are examples of polysaccharides?

Answer 11

Starch, cellulose (fibre), glycogen

Question 12

What is glucose known as?

Answer 12

Glucose is known as blood sugar. It is the type of sugar used by the cell.

Question 13

What is glucose used for?

Answer 13

Glucose is converted into ATP for the cell to use.

Question 14

What type of sugar is fructose?

Answer 14

Fructose is the type of sugar found in fruits. It is also found in honey, tree and vine fruits, flowers, berries, and most root vegetables.

Question 15

What is the bond in most plants?

Answer 15

In many plants it is often bonded fructose to glucose to form disaccharide sucrose

Question 16

What is galactose?

Answer 16

Galactose and glucose create lactose which is the sugar found in milk

Question 17

What are polysaccharides

Answer 17

A long chain of monosaccharides linked by glycosidic bonds is known as polysaccharides (poly=many). They are chain that can be branched or unbranched and may contain different types of monosaccharides.

Question 18

What are some examples of polysaccharides that are important in living organisms?

Answer 18

Starch, glycogen, cellulose, and chitin

Question 19

What is starch?

Answer 19

Starch is a storage polysaccharide that is the stored form of sugars in plants and is made up of a mixture of two polysaccharides, amylose and amylopectin.

Question 20

What is stored as starch?

Answer 20

Plants are able to synthesize glucose using light energy gathered in photosynthesis, and the excess glucose, beyond the plants immediate energy needs, is stored as starch

Question 21

What is cellulose?

Answer 21

Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide that is a major component of plant cell walls

Question 22

What are mostly made of cellulose?

Answer 22

Wood and paper

Question 23

Can cellulose be broken down by human digestive enzymes?

Answer 23

No

Question 24

What is chitin?

Answer 24

Chitin is a structural polysaccharide which is what makes up the hard external skeleton insects and crustaceans use to protect their softer internal body parts

Question 25

What is chitin made of?

Answer 25

Chitin resembles cellulose but it is made out of modified glucose units. It also is a major component of the cell walls of fungi