Carbohydrates and Carbohydrate Metabolism

Question 1

Glycosidic linkage

Answer 1

the bond between two sugar molecules

Covalent bond formed in a dehydration reaction that requires enzymatic catalysis

Question 2

Glycolysis

Answer 2

Universal first step in glucose metabolism
Glucose molecule is oxidized and split into two pyruvate molecules, producing a net surplus of 2 ATP and producing 2 NADH

Question 3

Hexokinase

Answer 3

catalyzes the first step in glycolysis

G6P feedback-inhibit hexokinase

Question 4

Phosphofructokinase (PFK)

Answer 4

The key biochemical valve controlling the flow of substrate to product in glycolysis, and the conversion of F6P to F1,6bP

Question 5

Lactate produced after long periods of strenuous activity is transported to the liver where it is

Answer 5

converted back to pyruvate

Question 6

Cori cycle

Answer 6

Liver deals with lactate from muscle

Question 7

Oxidative decarboxylation

Answer 7

a molecule is oxidized to release CO2 and produce NADH

Question 8

Prosthetic group

Answer 8

cofactor is very tightly or covalently bound to the enzyme

Question 9

Prosthetic group

Answer 9

cofactor is very tightly or covalently bound to the enzyme

Question 10

Two goals of ETC/oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 10

reoxidize all the electron carriers reduced in glycolysis, PDC, and the Krebs Cycle
Store energy in the form of ATP in the process

Question 11

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 11

occurs when dietary sources of glucose are unavailable and when the liver has depleted its stores of glycogen and glucose
Requires 4 ATP, 2 GTP, and 2 NADH

Question 12

Reciprocal control

Answer 12

the same molecule regulates two enzymes in opposite ways

Question 13

Products of the Pentose Phosphate Pathway

Answer 13

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, Fructose-6-Phosphate, Ribose-5-phosphate, NADPH,