Carbohydrates, Lipids And Proteins COPY Flashcards
What are simple sugars
Carbohydrates that contain only one sugar unit , eg glucose, or two sugar units , eg sucrose
What are complex carbohydrates
Long chains of simple sugar units bonded together eg starch and cellulose
What are lipids
Lipids are molecules consisting of three molecules of fatty acids joined to a molecule of glycerol
What are protein molecules made up of
Protein molecules are made up of long chains of amino acids.
Why are the long chains of amino acids that make up protein molecules folded
These long chains are folded to produce a specific shape that enables other molecules to fit into the protein
What do proteins act as
Structural components of tissues such as muscles Hormones Antibodies Enzymes
What are enzymes
Enzymes are biological catalysts
What do catalysts do
Catalysts increase the rate of chemical reactions
The ….. Of an enzyme is vital for the enzymes function
Shape
What do high temperatures do to enzymes
High temperatures denature the enzyme, changing the shape of the active site
Do all enzymes work inside the body cells
No - some enzymes work outside the body cells
What are the digestive enzymes produced by
The digestive enzymes are produced by specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the gut
What happens to digestive enzymes
After being produced by specialised cells in glands and in the lining of the gut , they pass out of the cells into the gut where they come into contact with food molecules. They catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules
What may biological detergents contain
Biological detergents may contain protein digesting and fat digesting enzymes (proteases and lipases)
When are biological detergents more effective
Biological detergents are more effective at low temperatures than other types of detergents
