Carbs, Lipids and Proteins

Question 1

Carbohydrates

Answer 1

made up of the ratio: C1 H2 O1 (CHO)

Question 2

monosaccarides:

Answer 2

fructose
glucose(blood sugar)

Question 3

disaccarides:

Answer 3

sucrose
lactose
maltose

Question 4

polysaccarides:

Answer 4

starch
cellulose
glycogen

Question 5

glycogen

Answer 5

a compound sometimes called animal starch, made from glucose

Question 6

cellulose

Answer 6

makes up the cell walls of plant cells insoluble fiber

Question 7

starch(amylose)

Answer 7

energy storage molecule in many plants and animals

Question 8

sucrose

Answer 8

formed by combining fructose and glucose

Question 9

lactose

Answer 9

milk sugar

Question 10

maltose

Answer 10

formed by 2 glucose molecules

Question 11

types of lipids

Answer 11

triglycerides
phospholipids
steroids

Question 12

what are lipids?

Answer 12

fatty, oily, waxy compounds

Question 13

triglycerides

Answer 13

-(neutral fats) plant oils and animal fat
-composed of one molecule of glycerine and 3 fatty acid molecules

Question 14

phospholipids

Answer 14

found in cell membranes

Question 15

steroids

Answer 15

-in five or six sided rings, not in a row or line
-cholesterol, vitamin D, hormones, anabolic steroids

Question 16

Protein

Answer 16

-used for building body parts (cells), as an energy source for cells, and as an enzyme
-composed of AMINO ACIDS

Question 17

Polypeptides are made up of…

Answer 17

more than 10 amino acids

Question 18

proteins are made up of…

Answer 18

more than 50 amino acids

Question 19

how many amino acids can make up proteins?

Answer 19

20

Question 20

non-essential amino acids

Answer 20

ones which your cells can make on their own by modifying other amino acids, so you don’t need these in your diet

Question 21

essential amino acids

Answer 21

ones which your cells are unable to manufacture, so they are essential to the foods you eat

Question 22

complete protein

Answer 22

one with all 8 essential amino acids (animal protein)

Question 23

incomplete protein

Answer 23

one lacking one ore more of the essential amino acids

Question 24

complementary proteins

Answer 24

two incomplete proteins, each having the amino acids the other one is missing (tortillas + beans)

Question 25

saturated fatty acids

Answer 25

every available location is filled with a hydrogen atom

Question 26

unsaturated

Answer 26

gaps exist, not every available location is filled with hydrogen, due to double bonds between some of the carbon atoms

Question 27

hydrogenation

Answer 27

to break down the double bonds in an unsaturated fat to make it more saturated.(to add hydrogen)

Question 28

trans fat

Answer 28

partially hydrogenated oils