Cardiac

Question 1

Ace Inhibitor

Answer 1

Lisonpril, captopril, enalapril

vasodilation, increased renal blood flow, decreased preload (lower FV) and afterload (lower BP)

increased cardiac output

headache, dry cough, dizziness, angioedema

Question 2

Glycosides

Answer 2

+inotropic, - chronotropic, -dromotropic

Digoxin (lanoxin) - PO, IV

Used for CHF and some dysrhythmias

Question 3

Glycosides implications

Answer 3

do not administer if apical is <60bpm

Monitor potassium - low K can cause toxicity

narrow window, monitor for irregular rhythm (ventricular fibrillation)

toxicity susceptible: hypokalemia, renal impairment, IV administation. treat with digibind

Question 4

Amiodarone (cardarone, pacerone)

Answer 4

antidysrhythmic- blocks K channels, blocks alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

Used for ventricular and supraventricular tachycardias and atrial dysrhythmias

drug of last resort

high incidence of adverse - thyroid problems (iodine), pulmonary tox, corneal micodeposits

Question 5

Lidocaine (antidysrhythmic)

Answer 5

sodium channel blocker

raises electrical stimulation threshold of ventricle during diastole

suppresses automaticity

IV push and drip only

CNS toxicities, confusion, twitching and convulsions. many drug interactions

Question 6

Beta Blockers (olols)

Answer 6

Block beta-adernergic receptors

decrease effects of SNS by blocking catecholamine (epinephrine and norepinephrine) release

decrease HR and BP - lungs bronchoconstrict

Question 7

Types of Beta Blockers

Answer 7

Propranolol (inderal) - blocks beta 1 - treats HTH angina, dysrhythmias, digi toxicity and migraines

Atenolol (tenormin) - beta 1 selective- IV, PO

Can cause bradycardia

use with caution with pulmonary patients

Question 8

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 8

Verapamil (calan)

slows beating of heart.

treats rapid HR that originate above AV node. Treats angina HTH, cardiomyopathy

do not use with IV beta blockers

Orthostatic hypotension precautions

Question 9

Antianginal agents

Answer 9

increase blood flow, decrease o2 demand or both. (slow hr, vasodilation, reduce contractibility, lowering BP)

Nitrates - nitroglycerine
Calcium channel blockers - nifedipine
beta blockers - metoprolol

Question 10

Nitroglycerine (antianginal)

Answer 10

potent dilation of coronary arteries

IV, sublingual, transdermal,

adverse effects HA, hypotension

Question 11

Nifedipine (antianginal)

Answer 11

calcium channel blocker

peripheral vasodialation and decreased afterload

-inotropic

Question 12

Thromnolytic agents

Answer 12

streptokinase (streptase, kabikinase)