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Pharmacology > Cardiac and endocrine drugs practical midterm > Flashcards

Cardiac and endocrine drugs practical midterm Flashcards

1
Q

ACE inhibitors action

A

Vasodilation
Venadialation
Arterial dialation
Stroke volume increase

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2
Q

ACE inhibitors indication

A

Hypertonia
CHF
Proteinuria (chronic kidney disease )

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3
Q

ACE inhibitors drugs

A

Captopril
- feed affects, frequent application

Enalapril (enalatab)
- 4-6h needed for effect, lasts 12-24h

Ramipril (vasotop)

Benazepril (cardalis, fortekor)

Lizinopril (lisopress)
-bio transformation not necessary

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4
Q

ACE inhibitors side effect

A 
Hypotension 
Hyperkalaemia (human)
Vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia 
Azotaemia  
Dry cough (human)
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5
Q

Pimobendan (vetmedin) indication

A

CHF

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6
Q

Pimobendan (vetmedin) effect

A

Venous dilation
Arterial dilation
Positive inotropic effect
Stroke volume increase

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7
Q

Digitalis glycosides (digoxine) effect

A

Mild positive inotropic

Negative chronotropic

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8
Q

Indication digitalis glycosides (digoxine)

A

CHF

Where ACE Inhibitors and pimobendan has no effect

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9
Q

Digitalis glycosides (digoxine) side effects

A

Several

Therapeutic index SMALL !

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10
Q

Cardial diuretics

A

ACE inhibitors
-limited effect

Methylxantines (caffeine, teophylline, teobromine)
- limited effect

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11
Q

Osmotic diuretics

A

Mannitol

  • resbs. In kidney, osmotically retaims H2O
  • acute real failure
  • brain oedema
  • pulmonary oedema
  • decrease intraocular pressure
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12
Q

Nutriuretics indication

A 
Pulmonary oedema
Brain oedema 
Other oedemas 
Hydrothorax, hydropericardium
CHF
Hypertonia
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13
Q

Natriuretics - loop diuretics

A

Furosemide (dimazon inj., frusecare tabl.)

-effect after 1-2 min, iv

Side effects

  • hypokalaemia-> metabolic alkalosis
  • Ca and Mg excretion, not for bladder/kidney stone patients
  • ototoxic
  • potentials ototoxic and nephrotoxic effect of aminoglycosides
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14
Q

Natriuretics- thiazides

A

Hydrochlorotiazide

Mainly used in combination w ACE inhibitors to decrease bl. Pr. (Hu)

Side effects

  • hypokalaemia
  • metabolic alkalosis
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15
Q

Natriuretics - potassium sparing diuretics

A

Spironolactone (cardalis, verospiron)

  • aldosterone antagonism, delayed heart remodeling
  • na excreted, k retained
  • slow effect 2-3 d
  • minimal diuretic effect

Side effects
-rare: hyperkalaemia

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16
Q

Gonadotrophin indication

A
  • Reduction of calving interval
  • overian follicles
  • synchronization
  • provocation of ovulation rabbits
  • increased fertility, sows + fur animals
  • stripping, reducing egg binding rainbow trout
  • chem castrations hu
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17
Q

Gonadotrophin side effects

A
  • Hyperthermia
  • allergic reaction.
  • CL cysts
  • embryonic death
  • not for starved , cachectic animals
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18
Q

Gonadotrophin releasing drugs

A

Buserelin (receptal)
- eq, bo, su

Gonadorelin (fertagyl)
- farm animals

Fertirelin (gonavet)

Dezrolerin (suprelorin)
- chem castration dog

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19
Q

Gonadotrophin HCG Effect

A

Lh and fsh activity

Ovulation failure or delay, synchronization

20
Q

Gonadotrophin HCG indication

A

-Ovulation mare
- Nymphomania, cystic ovaries
- ovarian stimulation
Treatment cryptochidism

21
Q

Gonadotrophin HCG side effects

A

Allergic reaction

Not for pregnant animals

22
Q

Gonadotrophin PMSG (eCG) effect

A

Fsh and some lh like activity

Follicular growth + ovulation

23
Q

Gonadotrophin PMSG (eCG) indication

A

Follicular growth and ovulation
Can be given in combination with HCG or progesterone.

Superovulation
Spermatogenesis and libido

24
Q

Gonadotrophin HCG drugs

A

Prolan

P.G 600

Suidan

Werfachor

25
Q

Gonadotrophin PMSG (eCG) drugs

A

Folligon

Gonadophyl

P.G 600

Suidan

Werfaser

26
Q

Progesterones effect

A

Maintain pregnancy

Development of mammary gl.

Negative feedback gonadotrophines

Reduced testosterone production

27
Q

Progesterone indication

A

Synchronization
Ovulation
Induction of oestrus and anoestrus in cow and ewes

28
Q

Progesterones side effects

A

Cystic endometrial hyperplasia

Cystic ovaries

Mammary hyperplasia

Thinning and discoloration of skin

29
Q

Progesterone drugs

A 
Flurogestone acetate (chronogest 
- goat, sheep

Norgestomet (crestar)
- cattle

Proligestone (covinan)
-pets

Medroxyprogesterone acetate (depo promone, veramix)
-sheep

Megestrol (ovarid)
- dog and cat

Altrenogest (regumate equine, procine)
-eq, su

30
Q

Antiprogesterone drug

A

Algepristone (alizin inj)

Effect=
Abortion mammary gland cancer

Side effects -
/ contraindications = Tissue irritant, excitement, depression, chronic kidney and liver failure, diabetes mellitus

31
Q

Prostaglandins effect

A

Regression of cL
Uterine contractions
Relaxation cervix

32
Q

Prostaglandins indication

A

Synchronization
Induction of parturation
Abortion
Pyrometer treatment

33
Q

Prostaglandins side effects / contraindications

A

Comic disorders, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, bromchoconstriction, abortion , asthmatics

34
Q

Prostaglandin drugs

A

Cloprostenol (estrumate)

Dinoprost (enzaprost)
- not for dog and horse, colic!!

Luprostinol (prosolvin)

Etiproston (prostavet)

35
Q

Oestrogens effect

A

Secretory tissue mammary gl.

Preparation for fertilization

36
Q

Oestrogens indication

A

Misalliance

Urinary incontinence
Alopecia
Excess libido, anal adenoma , prostate hyperplasia

37
Q

Oestrogens side effect

A 
Vaginal prolapse 
Uterine prolapse 
Anaemia 
Cystic endometrial hyperplasia 
Overian hypoplasia +  suppression
Feminization of male

Not for mammary tumors and pregnant animals

38
Q

Oestrogens drugs

A

Oestradiol benzonate (mesalin)

Ethinyl oestradiol + methyl testosterone (sesoral)

Oestriol (incurin)

39
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Levothyroxine (forthyron, soloxine)

Effects t3+4

Side effects/contraindications =
Thyrotoxicosis, weight loss, nervousness, tachycardia, pu/pd

40
Q

Diabetes mellitus

A

Insulin (caninsulin)

Effects carbohydrate metabolism

Side effects/ contraindications =
Hypoglycemia
Somogyi effect, allergy

41
Q

Cushings disease

A

Trilostane (vetoryl)

Block normal steroidogenesis, pregnenolone, aldosterone and androstenedione

Treat hyperadrenocorticism

Side effects/ contraindications =
Lethargy, weakness, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea

42
Q

Ergolides- prolactin antagonists

A

Effect =
Stir of dopamine receptors, inhibit prolactin release

Indication= pseudo pregnancy (dog)
Synchronization and abortion

Side effects, contraindications =
Transient hypotension, drowsiness, vomiting, anorexia

43
Q

Myometrial stimulants

A

Effect= contraction of myometrium and cells of mammary gland

Indication=
Ecbolic
Uterine inertia, retention of eggs, after parturation, milk let down

Side effects, contraindications =
Gi and cardiovascular systems, swelling, dystocia

Drugs
Oxytocin (partovet, oxytocin)

Carbetocin (decomoton)

44
Q

Myometrial stimulants - ergot

A

Effect= abortion

Indication = after parturation, retained placenta, uterine hemorrhages

Side effects, contraindications =
Vasoconstriction

Ergotin- n (oxymetrin)

45
Q

Myometrial relaxants

A

Effect= toco-spasmolytic, antidote of oxytocin

Indication= decrease uterine contraction, relaxation of cervix

Contraindications = closed or partly open cervix

Denaverin (sensiblex)

46
Q

Beta 2 adrenoreceptor agonists

A

Effect= relaxation of uterus, and bronchial musculature

Indication= delay parturition
Manipulation of foetus 
Facilitate replacement of prolapsed uterus 
Handling of uterus during c-section 
Recovery of embryos from donors

side effects, contraindications =
Transient vasodilation, tachycardia, sweating, muscle tremors

Clenbuterol (planipart)
Terbutaline
Isoxsuprine lactate

Pharmacology (1 decks)

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