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Pharmacolgy > Cardiac Drugs > Flashcards

Cardiac Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

captopril

A

Capoten
RAAS Suppressants
TU: hypertension, heart failure, acute MI, diabetic neuropathy.
MA: ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitor blocks production of angiotensin ll
S/A E: first dose orthostatic hypotension, dry cough, angioedema
Nursing considerations: monitor blood pressure
Pregnancy category: D

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2
Q

losartan

A

Cozaar
RAAS Suppressants
TU: hypertension, heart failure, stroke prevention
MA: blocks the action of angiotensin ll (ARBs)
S/A E: angioedema, hypotension
Nursing considerations: monitor BP
Pregnancy category: D

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3
Q

nifedipine

A

Adalat, Procardia
CCB: blocks calcium channels in blood vessels
Treats: hypertension, angina
S/A E: reflex tachycardia, gingival hyperplasia
Nursing considerations: monitor HR and BP

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4
Q

atenolol, metoprolol

A

Tenormin, Lopressor
Beta1 adrenergic blockers (sympatholytics)
Treats: hypertension, HF, angina, acute MI, cardiac dysrhythmias
S/A E: bradycardia, HF and orthostatic hypotension
Nursing considerations: monitor BP and HR, hold if <60
Patient education: do not stop abruptly

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5
Q

clonidine

A

Catapres
CNS depressant
Centrally acting alpha2 agonist which decreases stimulation of peripheral alpha and beta receptors in the heart and kidneys
Treats: hypertension, opioid withdrawal, hot flashes, ADHD, migraine prophylactic
S/A E: drowsiness, dizziness,rebound hypertensive crisis
Patient education: do not stop abruptly

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6
Q

hydrochlorothiazide

A

HydroDiuril
Diuretic thiazide which blocks the reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- in the kidneys
Treats: medication of first choice for essential hypertension, HF, cirrhosis of the liver, renal failure

S/A E: dehydration, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hyperglycemia
Nursing considerations: monitor electrolytes and glucose, administer no later than early afternoon
Patient education: eat foods rich in potassium

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7
Q

furosemide

A

Lasix
Loop diuretic which works in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and blocks reabsorption of Na and Cl
Treats: hypertension, pulmonary edema
S/A E: dehydration, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, hypotension, ototoxicity, hypokalemia
Nursing considerations: monitor electrolytes, BP and glucose, administer no later than early afternoon
Patient education: eat foods rich in potassium

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8
Q

spironolactone

A

Aldactone
Diuretic potassium sparing
Works by blocking the action of aldosterone(Na and H2O retention) which results in K retention and the excretion of Na and H2O
Treats: hypertension, HF, cirrhosis of the liver, hypokalemia
S/A E: hyperkalemia
Nursing considerations: monitor k+
Patient education: avoid potassium rich foods
Pregnancy category: D

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9
Q

digoxin

A

Lanoxin
Cardiac glycoside
Inhibits Na+ and potassium-ATPase
Treats: HF, cardiac dysrhythmias
S/A E: toxicity, GI symptoms, blurred or yellow vision, cardiac dysrhythmias
Nursing interventions: monitor serum drug levels, k+, take apical pulse and hold if <60
Antidote: digoxin immune fab

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10
Q

atorvastatin

A 
Lipitor
Antilipemic HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase
Treats: high cholesterol
S/A E: hepatotoxicity, myopathy, rhabdomyolysis
Nursing considerations: monitor LFTs
Patient education: report muscle pain
Pregnancy category: X
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11
Q

nitroglycerin, isosorbide

A 
Nitrostat, Isordil
Antianginals 
Nitrates
Dilates coronary arteries
Treats: angina, acute MI

AS/A E: headache, orthostatic hypotension, reflex tachycardia and tolerance
Nursing considerations: monitor HR, BP
Patient considerations:

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12
Q

amiodarone

A

Cordarone
Class lll potassium channel blocker

Blocks k+, Na+, Ca++ channels which prolongs the action potential and refractory period of the cardiac cycle
S/A E: pulmonary toxicity, GI symptoms, blindness, photosensitivity, bradycardia, hypotension, blue-grey skin discoloration
Nursing considerations: monitor pulmonary function tests, BP, HR and withhold if <60; auscultate breath sounds
Pregnancy category: D

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13
Q

Heparin

A

Anticoagulant
Activating anti thrombin
Hemorrhage secondary to heparin overdose
Heparin induced thrombocytopenia

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14
Q

Acetylcholine

A

Major ANS neurotransmitter released by nerve ending cholinergic fibers.

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15
Q

Norepinephrine and Epinephrine

A

Major ANS neurotransmitter secreted by nerve ending adrenergic fibers.

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16
Q

GABA

A

Gamma-aminobutyric acid

Neurotransmitter found in the brain which inhibits nerve activity.

17
Q

Afferent/Efferent

A

Afferent: sensory, from peripheral to CNS
Efferent: motor, from CNS to to the periphery to stimulate glands or muscles.

18
Q

Adrenergic Agonist

A

AKA sympathomimetic

Stimulates the adrenergic receptors of the SNS

19
Q

Adrenergic Receptors

A

Alpha 1
Alpha 2
Beta 1
Beta 2

20
Q

temazepam

A 
Restoril
CNS depressant
Benzodiazepine
Enhances GABA
Treatment for insomnia
S/A E: drowsiness, paradoxical reaction, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, physical dependence
Taper
Antidote: Flumazenil
21
Q

zolpidem

A 
Ambien
CNS depressant
Enhances GABA
Treats insomnia
S/A E: drowsiness, sleepwalking, amnesia
22
Q

baclofen

A 
Lioresal
Centrally acting muscle relaxant
CNS depressant
Treats muscle spasms
S/A E: drowsiness, withdrawal symptoms
Taper
23
Q

phenytoin

A

Dilantin
CNS depressant
Inhibits influx of Na+
Treats: tonic-clonic and partial seizures
S/A E: drowsiness, gingival hyperplasia, skin rash, withdrawal symptoms
Nursing considerations: dental care; monitor for rash, plasma levels and s/s of toxicity; taper
Patient instructions: use soft toothbrush, taper

24
Q

Types of seizures:
Absence
Partial
Tonic-clonic

A

Absence: generalized seizure; sudden and temporary loss of consciousness, 3-5 seconds
Partial: focal seizure, does not spread throughout the brain
Tonic-clonic: generalized, serious clonic-tonic muscular reactions

25
Q

valproic acid

A

Depakote
Inhibits influx of Na+ and Ca++, enhances GABA
Treats: tonic-clonic, partial and absences seizures; bipolar disorder, migraines
S/A E: liver toxicity, GI symptoms, rash
Nursing considerations: monitor LFTs and for rash; give with food

26
Q

alprazolam

diazepam

A 
Xanax
Valium
CNS depressants
Enhance GABA
Treats: anxiety, muscle spasms, status epilecticus, acute alcohol withdrawal, induction of anesthesia
S/A E: drowsiness, paradoxical reaction, withdrawal symptoms, tolerance, physical dependence
Nursing considerations: taper
Antidote: flumazenil
27
Q

amitriptyline

A

Elavil
Tricyclic anti-depressant
CNS depressant
Blocks re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
Treats: depression, neuropathic pain, anxiety, insomnia
S/A E: drowsiness, anticholinergic effects, withdrawal symptoms, suicidal ideation
Nursing considerations: monitor for suicidal ideation, taper
Patient instructions: takes several weeks to become effective; hard candy, sips, etc. for dry mouth

28
Q

fluoxetine

A

Prozac
SSRI
Blocks re-uptake of serotonin
Treats: depression, OCD, bulimia, bipolar disorder
S/A E: insomnia, sexual dysfunction, serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation
Nursing considerations: monitor for serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation
Patient instructions: take in the am, takes several weeks to become effective

29
Q

midazolam

A 
Versed
General anesthesia 
Benzodiazepine
Enhances GABA
Used for: conscious sedation
S/A E: amnesia
30
Q

lidocaine

A 
Xylocaine
Local anesthesia
Blocks influx of Na+
Stops depolarization
Used for: anesthesia
31
Q

fentanyl

A

Sublimaze
Opioid
S/A E: drowsiness, respiratory and circulatory depression
Used for: supplement to general anesthesia
Antidote: naloxone

32
Q

aspirin/clopidogel

A

Ecotrin(Salicyclics)
Plavix(ADP inhibitor)
Anti-platelets
Both block ADP receptors
Treats(prevents): inhibition of platelet aggregation which decreases the risk of MI, CVA, TIA
S/A E: bleeding, thrombocytopenia, GI effects
Patient education: report signs of bleeding, discontinue 1 week before surgery
Contraindications: no NSAIDS
Nursing considerations: PO, take with food, monitor platelets (>100,000)

33
Q

enoxaparin

A

Lovenox
Anticoagulant
Binds with anti thrombin to inactivate factor Xa
TU: prevents venous and pulmonary thrombosis
Nursing considerations: subcutaneous in abdomen, do not expel air bubble in syringe, monitor platelets
S/A E: bleeding, thrombocytopenia
Patient education: report signs of bleeding, use soft toothbrush, use electric razor
Contraindications: no NSAIDS
Antidote: protamine sulfate

34
Q

heparin

A

Anticoagulant
Factor Xa and thrombin inhibitor
Binds with anti thrombin to inactivate factor Xa and thrombin
TU: prevents venous and pulmonary thrombosis, DIC
Nursing considerations: monitor aPPT (60-80 seconds), platelets, delivered subcutaneous or IV
Patient education: report signs of bleeding, use soft toothbrush, use electric razor
Contraindications: no NSAIDS
Antidote: protamine sulfate

35
Q

warfarin

A 
Coumadin
Anticoagulant 
Blocks action of vitamin k
S/A E: bleeding, toxicity
Nursing considerations: monitor PT (18-24 seconds), INR (2-3), PO
Patient education: report signs of bleeding, use soft toothbrush, use electric razor, may take 3-5 for full therapeutic effect
Contraindications: no NSAIDS
Antidote: vitamin k
36
Q

alteplase

A

Activase
Thrombolytic
Converts plasminogen to plasmin
TU: acute MI, DVT, massive pulmonary embolism, ischemic CVA, reestablishing the patency of IV catheters
S/A E: bleeding
Nursing considerations: IV administration, give w/in 3 hours of symptoms, monitor platelets, aPPT (60-80), PT (18-24), INR (2-3), Hct and Hgb, bleeding time, and fibrinogen levels
Patient education: report signs of bleeding, headache, and unilateral weakness
Antidote: aminocaproic acid for severe bleeding
Contraindications: no NSAIDS

Pharmacolgy (1 decks)

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