cardiac infection and structure

Question 1

rheumatic fever

Answer 1

5-15

strep throat, or scarlet fever

Question 2

major s/s

Answer 2

carditis
arthritis
erythroma marginatum: intermittent rash, not itchy or painful, on trunks and limp
sydenham’s chorea: neuromuscular, jerky movements of fingers
subcutaneous nodules

Question 3

minor s/s

Answer 3

arthralgia
fever
ASO titer
H/O renal failure or RHD

Question 4

Characteristic lesion if infective carditis

Answer 4

vegetation”
PLATELTS
MICROORGANISMS
FIBROSIS

Question 5

key feuatures of infective carditis

Answer 5

fever, chill
malaise, fatigue
anorexia
arthralgia
clubbing
petichea

Question 6

specific key features

Answer 6

Splinter hemorrhages: NAIL
Osler's nodes
Janeway lesions
Roth spots;  RETINAL SPOTS
New murmur
System/organ embolization

Question 7

Treatment of infective carditis

Answer 7

bedrest
antibiotics: penicillins, vancomycins, aminoglycosides
antipyretics
surgical repair
follow up lab work

Question 8

antibiotic prophylaxis

Answer 8

heat murmur, valvular diseases; prosthetic valves; surgical shunts; endocarditis

Question 9

Antibiotic prophylaxis

Answer 9

oropharyngeal procedures
respiratory procedures
GIT
GU
Cardiac-prosthetic valves, surgical shunts

Question 10

Pericarditis

Answer 10

effusion, tamponade, constrictive pericarditis

• Chest pain that is worsened upon inhalation or while lying in supine position. May radiate to left neck, shoulder, and back.
• Pericardial friction rub ( scratchy, high pitched sound as layers rub together)
• Fever
• Elevate WC

Question 11

Assessment

Answer 11

Anxiety
chest pain
tachycardia
pulsus paradoxus
pulses/electricle alternans
narrow pulse pressure
distended neck veins
muffled heart sound
friction rub
EKG--low voltage
Xray-- heart megaly

Question 12

tamponade

Answer 12

low blood pressure, increased JVP, and distant heart sounds.

Question 13

pulsus paradoxus

Answer 13

Basically, the two ventricles are competing for space within the pericardial sac,
defined by a drop in systolic blood pressure exceeding 10 mm Hg during inspiration
inspiration, more blood return, left ventricle is constricted,less blood injected out.

Question 14

pericarditis

Answer 14

the underlying causes
bedrest
NSAIDS---INDOXIN
Steroids
ABX---ANTIBIOTICS
Pericardiocentesis

Question 15

MITRAL VALVE STENOSIS

Answer 15

Valve fuse
rheumatic fecver
calcium deposit
atrial myxoma
thrombus formation

Question 16

Mitral valve stenosis

Answer 16

Valve fuse
Rheumatic fecver
Calcium deposit
Atrial myxoma
Thrombus formation

Question 17

mitral valve stenosi

Answer 17

left atrium, pulmonary, right ventricle englarged, higher pressure

Question 18

Mitral valve regurgitation

Answer 18

rheumatic fever
infectious endocarditis
papillary muscular dysfunction

Question 19

mitral valve regurgitation/assessments

dyspnea
pulmoanry edema
right heart failure
AF

Answer 19

DOE Dyspnea on exertion
orthopnea
PND:Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND) is dyspnea (shortness of breath) that awakens you from sleep, usually caused by heart failure.
Dry cough
Hemoptysis
Pulmonary edema
Right heart failure
Atrill fibrillation
Embolic phenomena

Question 20

Mitral valve regurgitation

Answer 20

diastolic murmur

Question 21

Aortic stenosis

Answer 21

1.Syncope, angina, dyspnea
2. age, calcium deposit, congetional, RF
3.

Question 22

Aortic regurgitation

Answer 22

1. RF, endocarditis, syphilis, marfan’s syndrome, aortic dissection

Question 23

diagnostics for valvel diseases

Answer 23

History and physical
EKG
Echo
Chest x-ray
Cardiac catheterization
TEE

Question 24

SURGICAL CARE

Answer 24

VALVULOPLASTY:Balloon catheter passed through femoral vein, through arterial septum and inflated to enlarge the mitral valve

COMMISSUROTOMY
ANNULOPLASTY
VALVE REPLACEMENTS