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From Flashcardlet > Cardiac PEDS part 2 > Flashcards

Cardiac PEDS part 2 Flashcards

0
Q

What grade murmur is barely audible?

A

grade 1

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1
Q

What are heart sounds due to turbulent blood flow?

A

murmurs

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2
Q

What grade murmur is quiet but clearly heard?

A

grade 2

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3
Q

What grade murmur is moderately loud, no thrust or thrill?

A

grade 3

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4
Q

What grade murmur is moderately loud, with a thrust or thrill?

A

grade 4

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5
Q

What grade murmur is very loud with thrust or thrill?

A

grade 5

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6
Q

What grade murmur is heard with no stethoscope?

A

grade 6

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7
Q

What do you need to know when assessing an murmur?

A

location, quality and duration of murmur

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8
Q

What is an Abnormal connection between the RA and LA?

A

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

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9
Q

What happens in atrial septal defect (ASD)?

A

blood goes through the RA and LA when is should not

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10
Q

What kind of shunt happens with atrial septal defect?

A

left to right shunt

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11
Q

What happens in a left to right shunt?

A

oxygenated blood is mixed with deoxygenated blood –> increasing pulmonary blood flow

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12
Q

What fails to close that causes ASD?

A

foramen ovale

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13
Q

What does does increased pulmonary blood flow in ASD cause?

A

pulmonary hypertension

congestive heart failure

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14
Q

Will children normally be cyanotic with ASD?

A

no, not usually

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15
Q

When is Atrial Septal defect diagnosed?

A

often missed until childhood or adolescents

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16
Q

Is atrial septal defect usually alone or in combination with other CHDs?

A

in combination

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17
Q

What will the left to right shunt in ASD cause increase pressure in and cause the dilate?

A

increased pressure in the PA and the RV will dilate

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18
Q

What is more commonly used to treat pulmonary hypertension in children with ASD?

A

Viagra

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19
Q

What does Viagra do?

A

works on smooth muscle and relaxes it to allow blood flow

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20
Q

What kind of murmur seen with ASD?

A

soft systolic murmur

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21
Q

What does the murmur usually come from with ASD?

A

pulmonary valve from increased push of blood, not really from the defect itself

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22
Q

What will show dilated RV in atrial septal defect?

A

echocardiogram

23
Q

When may ASD spontaneously close?

A

1st 4 years of life if <8mm

24
Q

When will ASD need intervention?

A

if > 8 mm

25
Q

What is the newest trent for ASD?

A

non-surgical coil placed to occlude (small, round mesh device) and native tissue will eventually cover this

26
Q

What is the surgical patch called for ASD?

A

Dacron Patch

27
Q

What is needed long term with ASD?

A

follow up and monitoring - may see CHF or PHT later in life with atrial arrhythmias

28
Q

What is the most common defect between ventricles?

A

Ventricular septal defect (VSD)

29
Q

What kind of shunt is there with Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)?

A

left to right shunt

30
Q

What does VSD do to pulmonary blood flow?

A

causes pulmonary resistance and increase pulmonary blood flow

31
Q

What is the size of VSD?

A

pin-hole size to complete septum

32
Q

When do many VSD spontaneously close?

A

within 1st year of life with mild to moderate defects

33
Q

In VSD, with the higher pressure in LV and systemic arterial circulation, what does it create?

A

more resistance than the pulmonary circulation

34
Q

What does more resistance in the pulmonary circulation create in VSD?

A

causes blood flow through the defect in the pulmonary artery

35
Q

What may an increased blood volume to the lungs result in with VSD?

A

increase pulmonary vascular resistance

36
Q

What does increased pressure in the RV with VSD result in?

A

left to right shunt which can lead to muscle hypertrophy

37
Q

When VSD is combined with pulmonary HTN,
right to left shunt
and an enlarged RV, what is it called?

A

Eisenmenger’s complex

38
Q

What are the symptoms of VSD?

A

Tachypnea
dyspnea
poor feeding
Loud holosystolic murmur

39
Q

When is the murmur louder with VSD?

A

when the defect is smaller - the smaller the defect, the louder the murmur is

40
Q

What medications are patient’s with VSD put on?

A

Digoxin and Diuretics

41
Q

What needs to be watched with diuretics?

A

K+ levels unless its a K+ sparing diuretic

42
Q

What does a decrease K+ level do to digoxin?

A

increases digoxin levels

43
Q

How are infants with VSD fed?

A

through gastric feedings with high calorie formula

44
Q

Is Cyanosis usually present with VSD?

A

no

45
Q

If the defect is large in VSD, what does it cause?

A

CHF

46
Q

What diagnoses VSD?

A

echocardiogram

47
Q

What grade murmur is usually heard with VSD?

A

grade 3-4

48
Q

Will VSD usually close on its own?

A

yes

49
Q

When will a patch to put on a VSD?

A

3-12 monts if it doesn’t close on it own

50
Q

Why is a patch put on a VDS?

A

to prevent pulmonary vascular disease

51
Q

Why is a prophylaxis given before any procedure for VSD and ASD?

A

for infective endocarditis** and aortic valve leakage

52
Q

What is more common to treat VSD now?

A

Non-surgical treatment during cardiac catheterazation

53
Q

What may be put on a VSD if difficult for palliative treatment?

A

pulmonary artery banding

54
Q

Why would a pulmonary artery banding be put on a VSD?

A

to decrease pulmonary blood flow

From Flashcardlet (107 decks)

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