Cardio

Question 1

8 reversible causes of cardiac arrest?

Answer 1

4Hs
hypoxia
hypovolemia
hypo/hyperkalaemia
hypo/hyperthermia

4Ts
thrombosis (coronary/pulmomnary)
tension pneumothorax
tamponade
toxins

Question 2

what rhythms are shockable?

Answer 2

ventricular fibrillation
pulseless ventricular tachycardia

Question 3

what rhythms are not shockable?

Answer 3

ventricular tachycardia
pulseless electrical activity

Question 4

what is cardiac tamponade?

Answer 4

build up of fluid in the pericardial sac that prevents the heart from pumping effectively

Question 5

what triad of signs would you see in a cardiac tamponade patient?

Answer 5

Beck’s Triad
-raised JVP
-muffled heart sounds
-hypotension (pulsus paradoxus, bp falls by 10mmHg in inspiration)

Question 6

types of acute coronary syndromes and their differences?

Answer 6

STEMI : complete occlusion
NSTEMI : partial occlusion and raised tropnonin levels
unstable angina : partial occlusion

Question 7

what ECG changes would you see in a STEMI?

Answer 7

ST elevation of ≥0.2mm in leads V1-V3 / ≥0.1mm in all other leads

Question 8

what ECG changes would you see in an NSTEMI?

Answer 8

persistent ST depressions ≥1mm in contiguous leads
T wave inversion , ≥2mm
transient ST elevation