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Finals Extra > Cardio > Flashcards

Cardio Flashcards

1
Q

JVP rises on inspiration

A

Kussmauls sign (constrictive pericarditis)

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2
Q

What is seen on Chest x ray in constrictive pericarditis

A

pericardial calcification

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3
Q

How should IV adenosine be infused

A

via a large calibre vein, or central route

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4
Q

Drugs that improve mortality in heart failure

A

ACE I, beta blockers, spironolactone and hydralazine+nitrates

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5
Q

When is pericarditis worse

A

lying flat

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6
Q

Abnormally large drop in BP during inspiration

A

Pulsus paradoxus (cardiac tamponade)

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7
Q

Heart block post MI suggests lesion was where

A

right coronary artery

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8
Q

progressive PR prolongation then dropped beat

A

Mobitz1

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9
Q

Constant pr intervals but p waves often not followed by QRS

A

Mobitz2

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10
Q

PR interval >0.2

A

first degree heart block

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11
Q

No association between p waves and QRS complexes

A

third degree heart block

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12
Q

tall R waves in leads V1-2

A

posterior MI

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13
Q

Lateral MI, where is lesion

A

circumflex

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14
Q

IVDU affects which valve in endocarditis

A

tricuspid

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15
Q

What must patients have before cardioversion of AF

A

symptoms for <48hrs or be on anticoagulation (to reduce stroke risk)

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16
Q

Treatment of bradycardia if atropine fails

A

external pacing

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17
Q

Pulseless tachycardia

A

CPR

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18
Q

Very high INR treatment

A

Stop warfarin and give Vit K and prothrombin complexes

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19
Q

Treatment of pulm oedema that fails to respond to IV furosemide

A

continuous positive airway pressure

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20
Q

Dose of adrenaline in cardiac arrest

A

1mg

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21
Q

CXR in PE

A

normal

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22
Q

What is Eissenmenger’s syndrome

A

left to right shunt reversal

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23
Q

What can sotalol cause

A

QT prolongation

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24
Q

What is Torsades de Pointes

A

broad complex tachycardia association with LONG QT

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25
Q

Treatment of Torsades de Pointes

A

Mag Sulph

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26
Q

ABG in PE

A

resp alkalosis

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27
Q

How does fondaparinux work

A

activates antithrombin III

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28
Q

Can warfarin be used while breast feeding

A

yes

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29
Q

Stop warfarin when before surgery

A

5 days

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30
Q

Thiazides work where

A

proximal part of distal convuluted tubules

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31
Q

Loops work where

A

ascending loop of Henle

32
Q

Where should epipen be injected

A

anterolateral thigh

33
Q

Which bundle branch block may be normal

A

right

34
Q

What do enzyme inhibitors do to INR

A

Increase it

35
Q

What do enzyme inducers to do INR

A

Decrease it (Ducers Decrease)

36
Q

What should be avoided in long QT

A

erthryomycin

37
Q

What leads in bundle branch block

A

V1 and V6

38
Q

Inheritance of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

AD

39
Q

pulse in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

double bisferiens pulse

40
Q

Inferior MI

A

right coronary

41
Q

Which type of MI can lead to arrythmias

A

Inferior

42
Q

Tests needed before amiodarone

A

CXR, TFT, LFT, U+E

43
Q

What does adrenaline dose for anapylaxis depend on

A

age

44
Q

Are innocent murmurs systolic or diastolic

A

systolic

45
Q

Stop antiplatelets when before surgery

A

7 days

46
Q

Causes of aortic stenosis

A

> 65 calcification

<65 bicuspid valve

47
Q

When should statin be taken

A

at night

48
Q

Most common ECG sign in PE

A

sinus tachycardia

can also get S1Q3T3

49
Q

Should chest compressions continue whilst defibrillator is charging

A

yes

50
Q

What size of triple A needs repair and what is this

A

> 5.5 - EVAR/stent

51
Q

First line investigation for peripheral artery disease

A

Duplex US, then would do MRANgiography

52
Q

Pulse in severe left ventricular failure

A

pulsus alternans

53
Q

Pulse in Takayasu’s

A

absent

54
Q

What causes greyish photosensitivity rash

A

amiodarone

55
Q

Risk for mitral regurgitation

A

Marfans

Ehler Danlos

56
Q

Types of aortic dissection and treatment

A 
A = ascending, surgical and control BP. More common
B = descending, conservative
57
Q

Wedge shape on CXR

A

PE

58
Q

SLE risk for

A

pericarditis

59
Q

SVT doses of adenosine

A

6, 12, 12

60
Q

GTN side effects

A

hypotension, headache, tachycardia

61
Q

Ejection murmur and GI Angiodysplasia

A

Heyde’s syndrome

62
Q

most common cause of drug induced angiooedma

A

ACE I’s

63
Q

What causes an MI

A

atherosclerossis with or without thrombus, leading to artieral occlusion

64
Q

Main cause of death in MI

A

ventricular arrythmias

65
Q

Hypertension in upper limb, hypo in lower

A

coarctation of aorta

66
Q

What kind of murmur is tricuspid regurgitation

A

Pan systolic

67
Q

What kind of murmur is tricuspid stenosis

A

mid diastolic

68
Q

Young patient with SVT and delta waves

A

WPW

69
Q

What grade of murmur is loud and has a thrill

A

4

70
Q

What gives an indication of duration of ventricular systole

A

QT interval

71
Q

Interventricular septum is supplied by what

A

branches of LAD

Bundle branch block occurs here

72
Q

Inflammation of costosternal junction, chest wall pain

A

Tietze’s

73
Q

Deviation in WPW

A

right axis

74
Q

Hypertension can cause what type of bundle branch block

A

Left

75
Q

Signs of systemic hypertension

A

Loud S2 and 4th heart sound

76
Q

Recent MI, raised JVP, sudden heart failure and pulsus paradoxis

A

Left ventricular free wall rupture

77
Q

Persistant ST elevation post MI, not chest pain

A

left ventricular aneurysm

Finals Extra (8 decks)

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