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Cardio Vascular > Cardio Vascular > Flashcards

Cardio Vascular Flashcards

0
Q

Apex of the heart

A

Lower tip of these art

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1
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in the body

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2
Q

Arteriole

A

Small artery

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3
Q

Atrioventricular bundle

Bundle of His

A

Specialized muscle fibers connecting the atria with the ventricles and transmitting electrical impulses between them

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4
Q

Atrioventricular node

AV node

A

Specialized tissue in the wall between wall between the atria

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5
Q

Atrium

A

One of the two upper chambers of the heart w

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6
Q

Capillary

A

Smallest blood vessel. Materials pass to and from the bloodstream rough here.

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7
Q

Carbon dioxide

A

Gas (waste) released by body cells, transported via veins to these heart, and then to the lungs for exhalation.

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8
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Blood vessels that branch from the aorta and carry oxygen rich blood to the heart muscle.

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9
Q

Deoxygenated blood

A

Blood that is oxygen poor

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10
Q

Diastole

A

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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11
Q

Electrocardiogram

A

Record of the electricity flowing through the heart

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12
Q

Endocardium

A

Inner lining of the heart

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13
Q

Endothelium

A

Innermost lining of the blood vessels

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14
Q

Mitral valve

A

Valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; bicuspid valve

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15
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal swishing sound caused by improper closure of the heart valves

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16
Q

Myocardium

A

Muscular, middle layer of the heart

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17
Q

Normal sinus rhythm

A

Hearth rhythm originating in the sinoatrial node with a rate in patients at rest of 60 to 100 beats per minute

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18
Q

Oxygen

A

Gas that enters the blood through the lungs and travels to the heart to be pumped via arteries to all of the body

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19
Q

Pacemaker (sinoatrial node)

A

Specialized nervous tissue in the right atrium that begins the heartbeat

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20
Q

Pericardium

A

Double layered membrane surrounding the heart

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21
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Artery carrying oxygen poor blood from the heart to the lungs

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22
Q

Pulmonary circulation

A

Flow of blood from the heart o the lungs and back to the heart

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23
Q

Pulmonary valve

A

Valve positioned between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

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24
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

One of the two pairs of vessels carrying oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart

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25
Q

Pulse

A

Beat of the heart as felt through the walls of the arteries

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26
Q

Septum

A

Partition or wall dividing a cavity

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27
Q

Sinoatrial node (SA node)

A

Pacemaker of the heart

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28
Q

Sphygmanometer

A

Instrument to measure blood pressure

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29
Q

Systematic circulation

A

Flow of the blood from body tissue to the heart and then from the heart back to the body tissue

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30
Q

Systole

A

Contraction phase of the heartbeat

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31
Q

Tricuspid valve

A

Located between the right atrium and the and the right ventricle, it has three leaflets or cusps

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32
Q

Valve

A

Structure in veins or in the heart that temporarily closes and opening so that blood flows in only one direction

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33
Q

Vein

A

thin walled vessel that carries blood from body tissues and lungs back to the heart.

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34
Q

Vena cava

A

Largest vein on the body

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35
Q

Ventricle

A

One of two lower chambers of the heart

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36
Q

Venule

A

Small vein

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37
Q

Angi/o

A

Vessel

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38
Q

Angiogram

A

An x-ray photograph of blood or lymph vessels

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39
Q

Angioplasty

A

Surgical repair or unblocking of a heart vessel

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40
Q

Arter/o; arteri/o

A

Artery

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41
Q

Aort/o

A

Aorta

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42
Q

Aortic stenosis

A

is an abnormal narrowing of the aortic valve of the heart.

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43
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries

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44
Q

Arterial anastomosis

A

The reconnection of two arteries

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45
Q

Arteriography

A

radiography of an artery, carried out after injection of a radio-opaque substance

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46
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of plaque from an artery that has become narrowed or blocked

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47
Q

Ather/o

A

Yellowish plaque

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48
Q

Atheroma

A

Collection of plaque that protrudes into the opening of an artery, weakening the muscle lining

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49
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Hardening of the arteries because of plaque build upm

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50
Q

Atherectomy

A

The surgicical procedure to remove atherosclerosis from a large blood vessel

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51
Q

Atri/o

A

Atrium, upper heart chamber

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52
Q

Atrial

A

Pertaining to the atrium in the heart

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53
Q

Atrioventricular

A

Having to do with the atrium and ventricle

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54
Q

Brachi/o

A

Arm

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55
Q

Brachial artery

A

The major blood vessel of the upper arm

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56
Q

Cardi/o

A

Heart

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57
Q

Cardiomegaly

A

Condition if having an enlarged heart

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58
Q

Bradycardia

A

Slow heart beat slower than 60 beats per minute

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59
Q

Tachycardia

A

Fast heart beat at more than 100 bears per minute

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60
Q

Cardiogenic shock

A

Is when the heart has been damaged so much that it is unable to supply enough blood to the organs of the body

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61
Q

Cholesterol/o

A

Cholesterol

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62
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Very high levels of cholesterol in the blood

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63
Q

Coron/o

A

Heart

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64
Q

Coronary arteries

A

Arteries that come down over the top of the heart like a crown

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65
Q

Cyan/o

A

Blue

66
Q

Cyanosis

A

The bluish discoloration of the skin that indicated diminished oxygen content in the blood

67
Q

Myx/o

A

Mucus

68
Q

Myxoma

A

A benign tumor derived from connective tissue, with cells embedded in soft mucous stromatolites tissue

69
Q

Ox/o

A

Oxygen

70
Q

Hypoxia

A

When the body or a part if the body is deprived of oxygen

71
Q

Pericardi/o

A

Pericardium

72
Q

Pericardiocentesis

A

is a procedure in which a needle and catheter remove fluid from the sac around the heart

73
Q

Phleb/o

A

Vein

74
Q

Phlebotomy

A

Process of making an incision into a vein with a needle

75
Q

Thrombophlebitis

A

Swelling of a vein due to a blood clot

76
Q

Rrhythm/o

A

Rhythm

77
Q

Arrhythmia

A

An irregular heart beat

78
Q

Sphygm/o

A

Piles

79
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Blood pressure meter

80
Q

Steth/o

A

Heart

81
Q

Stethoscope

A

Is a device used to listen to the internal sounds of the human body

82
Q

Thromb/o

A

Clot

83
Q

Thrombolysis

A

The use of drugs to dissolve blood clots

84
Q

Valvul/o; valv/o

A

Valve

85
Q

Valvuloplasty

A

A balloon tipped catheter dilates a cardiac valve

86
Q

Mitral valvulitis

A

Inflammation of the mitral valve

87
Q

Valvotomy

A

A surgical procedure of cutting into a constricted cardiac valve to relieve obstruction

88
Q

Vas/o

A

Vessel

89
Q

Vascular

A

Relating to a vessel

90
Q

Ven/o

A

Vein

91
Q

Venous

A

Relating to the veins

92
Q

Venipuncture

A

Puncture of a vein to withdraw blood

93
Q

Ventricul/o

A

Ventricle, lower heart chamber

94
Q

Interventricular septum

A

The curved slanting wall inside the heart that separates the right and left ventricle

95
Q

Arrhythmias

A

Abnormal heart rhythms

96
Q

Bradycardia and heart block

A

Failure of proper conduction of impulses from the SA nose through the AV node to the atrioventricular bundle

97
Q

Flutter

A

Rapid but regular contractions, usually of the atria

98
Q

Fibrillation

A

Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart, 350 beats or more

99
Q

Coarciation of the aorta (CoA)

A

Narrowing of the aorta

100
Q

Patent ductus

A

Passageway between the aorta and the pulmonary artery remains open after birth

101
Q

Septal defects

A

Small holes on the wall between the atria or the ventricles

102
Q

Tetralogy off fallot

A

Congenital malformation involving four distinct heart defects

103
Q

Congestive heart failure

A

Heart is unable to pump it’s required amount of blood

104
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart

105
Q

Endocarditis

A

Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

106
Q

Hypertensive heart disease

A

High blood pressure affecting the heart

107
Q

Mitral valve prolapse

A

Improper closure of the mitral valve

108
Q

Murmur

A

Extra heart sound, heard between normal beats

109
Q

Pericarditis

A

Inflammation of the membrane surrounding the heart

110
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Heart disease caused by rheumatic fever

111
Q

Aneurysm

A

Local widening of an arterial wall

112
Q

Deep vein thrombosis

A

Blood clot forms in large vein, usually in lower limb

113
Q

Hypertension

A

High blood pressure

114
Q

Paraphernalia arterial disease

A

Blockage of arteries carrying blood to the legs, arms, kidneys and other organs

115
Q

Raynaud disease

A

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes

116
Q

Varicose veins

A

Abnormally swollen and twisted veins, usually occurring in the legs

117
Q

Acute coronary syndromes

A

Unstable angina and myocardial infection, which are consequences of plaque rupture in coronary arteries

118
Q

Angina

A

Chest lain resulting from myocardial ischemia

119
Q

Angiotensin converting enzyme

A

Drug that causes blood to dilate

120
Q

Auscultation

A

Listening for sounds in blood vessels or other body structures using a stethoscope

121
Q

Beta blocker

A

Drug used to treat angina, hypertension, and arrhythmias.

122
Q

Biventricular pacemaker

A

Device enabling ventricles to best together so that more blood is pumped out of the heart

123
Q

Calcium channel blocker

A

Drug used to treat angina and hypertension. Dilate blood vessels by blocking the influx of calcium into muscle cells lining vessels

124
Q

Cardiac arrest

A

Sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, often leading to sudden cardiac death

125
Q

Cardiac tamponade

A

Pressure on the heart caused by fluid in the pericardial space

126
Q

Claudication

A

Pain, tension, and weakness in a leg after walking has begun, but absence of pain at rest

127
Q

Digoxin

A

Drug that treats arrhythmias and strengthens heartbeat

128
Q

Embolus

A

Clot or other substance that travels to a distant location and suddenly blocks a blood vessel

129
Q

Infection

A

Area of dead tissue

130
Q

Nitrates

A

Drugs used in the treatment of of angina, they dilate blood vessels, increasing blood flow and oxygen to myocardial tissue

131
Q

Nitroglycerin

A

Nitrate drug used in the treatment of angina

132
Q

Occlusion

A

Closure of a blood vessel due to blockage

133
Q

Palpitations

A

Uncomfortable sensations in the chest related to cardiac arrhythmias, such as premature ventricular contractions

134
Q

Patent

A

Open

135
Q

Pericardial friction rub

A

Scraping or grating noise heard on auscultation of the heart

136
Q

Petechiae

A

Small, pinpoint hemorrhages

137
Q

Statins

A

Drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream

138
Q

Thrill

A

Vibration felt over an area of turmoil in blood flow

139
Q

Vegetations

A

Clumps of platelets, clotting proteins, microorganisms, and red blood cells on diseased heart valves

140
Q

BNP test

A

Measurement of brain natriuretic peptide in blood

141
Q

Cardiac bio markers

A

Chemicals are measure in the blood as evidence of heart attack

142
Q

Lipid tests

A

Measurement of cholesterol and triglycerides in blood sample w

143
Q

Lipoprotein electrophoresis

A

Lipoproteins are physically separated and measured in a blood sample

144
Q

Angiography

A

X-ray imaging of blood vessels after injection of contrast material

145
Q

Computed tomography angiography

A

Three dimensional X-ray images of the heart and coronary arteries using computed tomography

146
Q

Digital subtraction angiography

A

Video equipment and a computer produce X-ray images of blood vessels

147
Q

Electron beam computed

A

Electron beams and CT identify calcium deposits in and around coronary arteries to diagnose early CAD

148
Q

Doppler ultrasound studies

A

Sound waves measure blood flow within blood vessels

149
Q

Echocardiography

A

Echoes generated by high frequency sound waves produce images of the heart

150
Q

Positron emission tomography

A

Images show blood flow and myocardial function following uptake of radioactive glucose

151
Q

Thallium 201 scan

A

Concentration of radioactive thallium is measured to give information abound blood supply to these heart muscle

152
Q

Cardiac MRI

A

Images of the heart are produced using radio wave energy in a magnetic field

153
Q

Cardiac catherization

A

Thin, flexible tube is guided into the heart via vein or an artery

154
Q

Electrocardiography

A

Recording of electricity flowing through the heart

155
Q

Holter monitoring

A

An ECG device is worn during a 24 hour period to detect cardiac arrhythmias

156
Q

Stress test

A

Exercise tolerance test determined the hearts response to physical exertion

157
Q

Catheter ablation

A

Brief delivery of radio frequency energy to destroy areas of heart tissue that may be causing arrhythmias

158
Q

Coronary artery bypass

A

Arteries and veins are anastomosed to coronary arteries to detour blockages

159
Q

Defibrillation

A

Brief discharges of electricity are applied across the chest to stop dysrhythmias

160
Q

Endarterectomy

A

Surgical removal of plaque from the inner layer of an artery

161
Q

Extracorporeal circulation

A

Heart lung machine diverts blood from the heart and lungs while the heart is repaired

162
Q

Heart transplantation

A

A donor heart is transferred to a recipient

163
Q

Percutaneous coronary intervention

A

Balloon tipped catheter is inserted into a coronary artery to open the artery, stents are put in place

Cardio Vascular (1 decks)

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