Cardiology Flashcards
In CV system, site of highest resistance?
Arterioles
Is pulmonary HTN normal in utero? Explain!
Yes, it’s needed. In fetal circulation, low O2 levels in alveola (no breathing) result in vasocontriction in lungs. Blood in fetus is oxygenated by placenta, and mainly passes through Foramen Ovale to enter left heart. Only 5-10% of blood enters pulmonary circulation in utero. When baby breaths, it pulmonary HTN drops. If it doesnt, a persistent R–>L shunt continues –> CYANOSIS
What compliment disorder is related to Hereditary angioedema? What drug used to treat hereditary engioedema?
C1 esterase inhibitor defiency Tx: Danazol
Presentation of angioedema?
Swelling - Unpredictable, recurring attacks in the hands, feet, face, larynx, and abdomen
Review types of Studies and differentiate
FA, pg 50
Sudden Cardiac Death in in youth (<30) and elderly
youth: CardioMEGAlly. This –> VfibOlder: CAD (atherosclerosis)
What is intermittent claudication and how it presents?
Muscle pain mostly in lower limbs after exercise or walking. Decreased pulse in legs and feet. Relieved with rest. Associated with peripheral arterial disease.
What drug is nesiritide?
Recombinant BNP. Tx in CHF, counters Renin-angiontensin systemBNP (or ANP) increase cGMP–> smooth musc;e relaxation…vasodilation. decrease BP, and are diuretics/natriuretics
What is Bradykinin and it’s effects?
Hormone by kidney due to stimulation of adrenergic and Renin-A-A system. Broken down by ACE, can cause angioedema when elevated. Constricts veins & dilates arterioles –> increase Renal perfusion
WHEN is S3 heard? Normal group and/or path?
Early diastoleNormal: Youth (<30), athletes, or pregnantPathological: Mitral regurg, CHF, LV failure, dilated ventricles
What is S3 sound?
VOLUME OVERLOADED LV (increased ESV)Rapid ventricular fillingEither rapid filling of ventricle w/ normal compliance,Normal filling into ventricle w/ low compliance,or blood into overfilled ventricle with high ESV
What are the key Sx of cardiac tamponade?
Pulsus paradoxus, jugular venous distention, tachycardia
How to differentiate Tension pneumothorax from Cardiac tamponade?
Lung exam normal for CTTension pneomo: absent breath sounds & hyperresonance (percussion) on affected side
When is a continuous murmur heard over upper precordium?
Machine-like murmur specifically, during sys and dias, in PDA.
What is a bifid carotid pulse w/ brisk upstroke sign of?
Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathyassoc w/ LV outflow tract obstruction in systole
